Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

Ohta-MatSubaYaShi, Y., KataKura, H., KahOnO, S. and KiKuchi, N. 2017. A taxonomic review of the phytophagous ladybird beetles of the Diekeana alternans complex (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) with descriptions of eight new species and one new subspecies. Ins. matsum. n. s. 73: 1–37, 14 figs, 1 table, 3 online supplementary figs. A group of phytophagous ladybird beetles utilizing diverse host plants in South and Southeast Asia was reviewed as the Diekeana alternans complex. Ten species (one with two subspecies) including seven new species and one new subspecies were described or redescribed under this species complex. Diekeana hopeiana (Miyatake) was synonymized with D. grayi (Mulsant). Two other species were also incorporated into this complex based on literature information. Additionally, another species closely related to this species complex was described as new to science. Species of the D. alternans complex constituted a part of the Diekeana admirabilis group and were characterized by a “blade” situated at the apical part of penis of male genitalia. Almost all the species could be identified by the species-specific conditions of male genitalia. The species that utilize cucurbitaceous plants of the tribes Benincaseae, Sicyoeae and/or Cucurbiteae were widespread in South and Southeast Asia comprising at least four allopatric species. On the other hand, the species specialized to other taxonomic groups of host plants were localized in either Sumatra or Java with a possible exception of D. glochinosa (Pang & Mao) in South China. They often sympatrically occurred with each other or with one of the cucurbitaceous plant feeders. Authors’ addresses. Ohta-Matsubayashi, Y.: Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. Katakura, H.: The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan (corresponding author: haruo_katakura@ nifty.com). Kahono, S.: Zoology Division (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. KiKuchi, N.: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.

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A taxonomic review of the phytophagous ladybird beetles of the Diekeana alternans complex (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) with descriptions of eight new species and one new subspecies

Papilio peranthus is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs on several islands and island groups. This beautiful butterfly is extensively traded, thus efforts to breed this species are very desirable. Captive breeding research was conducted on P. peranthus during September 2016 to December 2018. In total, 221 individuals were available for observation. Data on the life cycle of the species, together with observations on females being approached for mating, and female oviposition after mating, are presented. The result demonstrate that P. peranthus is not monogamous. Observations on other biological aspects are also reported.

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Biological aspects of papilio peranthus (lepidoptera: papilionidae) as observed at butterfly research facility - lipi, cibinong, indonesia

The taxonomy of the subgenus Ashima of the genus Phortica is revised. A cladistic analysis of 66 morphological characters is conducted, covering 35 species (28 known and 7 new species: Phortica efragmentata sp. nov., P. andreagigoni sp. nov., P. watabei sp. nov., P. halimunensis sp. nov., P. akutsui sp. nov., P. kerinciensis sp. nov., and P. takehiroi sp. nov.) which correspond to 71.4% of 49 total spp. of Ashima. The resulting cladogram shows that the studied species are separated into several clades/subclades/cluster each highly supported with specific synapomorphies. Those clades/subclades/cluster are newly defined as the following species groups, subgroups or complex: the afoliolata, foliiseta, nigrifoliiseta and angulata species groups; the foliiseta, tanabei, nigrifoliiseta and glabra species subgroups; and the foliiseta species complex. The subgenus Ashima is peculiar in having the asymmetric male genitalia as the ground plan and showing the antisymmetry (i.e. intraspecific mirror-image variation) in some species but the directional asymmetry (i.e. side-fixed asymmetry) in others. The evolution of genital asymmetry in this subgenus is estimated by mapping the states (symmetry, directional asymmetry and antisymmetry) of bilateral structures of male genitalia on the cladogram. This ancestral state reconstruction estimates that the directional asymmetry of male genitalia has evolved at the ancestor of this subgenus and then changed to the antisymmetric state independently in two lineages, the angulata + nigrifoliiseta species groups and the foliiseta species complex. In this study, a standardized terminology recently proposed for the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster is extendedly adopted to describe the morphology of male terminalia in the subgenus Ashima, one group of the subfamily Steganinae.

Taxonomy and evolution of asymmetric male genitalia in the subgenus Ashima Chen (Diptera: Drosophilidae: Phortica Schiner), with descriptions of seven new species.

A study on the distribution and abundance of high mountain rat was carried out at Gunung Botol, Gunung Halimun National Park.Observation was conducted at three stations located at the mountain top, middle and foot of the mountain.The results indicated that four species of rat were recorded from Gunung Botol, namely Maxomys bartelsii,Niviventer lepturus, Niviventer fulvescens and Niviventer cremoriventer.Our data showed a relationship between number of individuals observed of each species with altitudinal gradients.While estimation of murid rodent population between altitudinal changes indicated there was no differences between the stations observed. An analysis was conducted to investigate any possible association between rat abundance against environment factors that could associate with altitude.The results indicated that ground covering and tree circumference, as well as interspecific competition seemed to be important factors in influencing the differences in distribution of each rat species.

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Relationship Between Altitudinal Changes and Distributi of Rats : a Preliminary Study From Gunung Botol Gunung Halimun National Park

The Cikaniki resort is one of the most accessible research stations located in the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). It is in adjacent with Citalahab village. The Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences and other institutions have conducted intensive research on the fauna diversity of GHSNP from this station. Here we formulate a checklist on fauna diversity surrounding the Cikaniki Research Station and Citalahab, GHNSP from various sources, i.e. field work, museum collections (Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense), scientific publications, and technical report. The study was conducted from October 2019 until October 2020. The latest field work was conducted from 8-10 October 2019 under the framework of the Jungle Survival and Biological Collection Management 2019 program. In total, 821 fauna species were recorded in Cikaniki-Citalahab areas which comprises of 48 species of Mollusca, five species of Malacostraca, 523 species of Insects, 22 species of Actinopterygii, 63 species of Amphibia and Reptiles, 115 species of Aves and 45 species of Mammals. The diversity contributes 62.1% of the total 1,323 known fauna species in GHSNP. Five number of species were assigned as endangered and three species critical endangered by IUCN. In addition, 123 species were endemic to Java and 34 species protected by Regulation of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Republic of Indonesia Number P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018. The areas of Cikaniki and Citalahab are rich in biodiversity. Although both areas are in close intact with human activity, research and ecotourism, the need of continuously spreading awareness and enforce species and area conservation is inevitable.

https://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/zoo_indonesia/article/download/4037/3278

CHECKLIST ON FAUNA DIVERSITY GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK: Cikaniki-Citalahab

Recent studies show 60.3% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses and 71.8% of these number are obtained from wild animals in in-situ habitat. Therefore, high animal diversity in Indonesia is also followed by animal-borne diseases, both zoonoses or not. One of the in-situ habitats of wildlife that needs attention is the biosphere reserves. Here we conducted a research to analyze the health status of Maxomys bartelsii (Jentink, 1910) rats from biosphere reserve in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Rats were chosen because they are very potential for zoonoses transmission to human, such as leptospirosis, bubonic plague, and hantavirus. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 5 adult rats that were captured using live traps. Morphological evaluation of blood cells was carried out under a microscope at 1000x magnification. Our results show several erythrocyte abnormalities (hypochromasia, anisocytosis, and acanthocyte) and leukocyte abnormalities (neutrophilia, eosinophilia, and leukocytopenia) are observed in all individuals. These results indicate that most of rats suffered several pathological conditions that need to be explored.

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Detection of potential diseases from wild rats (Maxomys bartelsii [Jentink, 1910]) using morphological evaluation of peripheral blood smears

The Indonesian archipelago, where the tropical rainforest ecosystem is home to 15% of the world's vertebrate species, has been the hardest hit by deforestation in Southeast Asia for the last decade. This situation makes ex situ conservation strategies, particularly biobanks, more important than ever to supplement in situ efforts which are becoming increasingly difficult. This study examines the status and future of biobanking implementation in Indonesian wildlife. The results show that current biobanking efforts in Indonesian wildlife are still limited, with a non-uniform distribution among taxa, sex and geographical origin. Current work is largely focused on mammals, while avifauna, reptiles and amphibians, particularly from the eastern region, are generally neglected. Cryopreservation is primarily used as a low-cost preservation method, but success rates are strongly influenced by intra- and interspecific characteristics, making the development of species-specific protocols essential. This report identifies the challenges and suggests ways to establish a national biobanking facility and collaborate with stakeholders to promote sustainable biobanking in Indonesia. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/acv.12879

The distribution and current state of biobanking in Indonesian wildlife: a systematic review

. Sushadi DS, Phadmacanty NLPR, Wahyudin M, Wirdateti 2021. Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 22: 1606-1611. Over the past decade, the population of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in the wild has continued to decline. Various conservation efforts by the government and NGOs have been carried out, but still have not yielded significant results. Many studies have highlighted the impact of poaching and forestland conversion as a cause, but the natural behavior of N. javanicus, especially infant care interactions, is poorly studied. We investigated the case of a 5-day-old Javan slow loris baby named Monda, found dead in captivity. Monda was born in captivity and impounded with its mother and an adult male. She was found dead decapitated with a sign of injury on the right arm. Microscopic fecal examination of the other lorises showed hair and bone fragments in the male feces. Based on this finding, it is possible that infanticide also occurs in slow lorises in its natural habitat but may have been underreported.

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Pangda Sopha Sushadi

Papers

CHECKLIST ON FAUNA DIVERSITY GUNUNG HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK: Cikaniki-Citalahab

Detection of potential diseases from wild rats (Maxomys bartelsii [Jentink, 1910]) using morphological evaluation of peripheral blood smears

The distribution and current state of biobanking in Indonesian wildlife: a systematic review

Short Communication: Infanticide of Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) in captivity

Polymyxin B neutralizes endotoxin and improves the quality of chicken semen during liquid storage.