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Pantazis Mouroulis

Bio: Pantazis Mouroulis is an academic researcher from California Institute of Technology. The author has contributed to research in topics: Imaging spectrometer & Spectrometer. The author has an hindex of 21, co-authored 108 publications receiving 2006 citations. Previous affiliations of Pantazis Mouroulis include Jet Propulsion Laboratory & University of Southern California.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A modulation transfer function-based optimization method is described that generates optimal spectral and spatial uniformity of response from compact pushbroom imaging spectrometer designs.
Abstract: A modulation transfer function–based optimization method is described that generates optimal spectral and spatial uniformity of response from compact pushbroom imaging spectrometer designs. Such uniformity is essential for extracting accurate spectroscopic information from a pushbroom imaging spectrometer for Earth-observing remote sensing applications. Two simple and compact spectrometer design examples are described that satisfy stringent uniformity specifications.

302 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The NASA Discovery Moon Mineralogy Mapper imaging spectrometer was selected to pursue a wide range of science objectives requiring measurement of composition at fine spatial scales over the full lunar surface.
Abstract: [1] The NASA Discovery Moon Mineralogy Mapper imaging spectrometer was selected to pursue a wide range of science objectives requiring measurement of composition at fine spatial scales over the full lunar surface. To pursue these objectives, a broad spectral range imaging spectrometer with high uniformity and high signal-to-noise ratio capable of measuring compositionally diagnostic spectral absorption features from a wide variety of known and possible lunar materials was required. For this purpose the Moon Mineralogy Mapper imaging spectrometer was designed and developed that measures the spectral range from 430 to 3000 nm with 10 nm spectral sampling through a 24 degree field of view with 0.7 milliradian spatial sampling. The instrument has a signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 400 for the specified equatorial reference radiance and greater than 100 for the polar reference radiance. The spectral cross-track uniformity is >90% and spectral instantaneous field-of-view uniformity is >90%. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper was launched on Chandrayaan-1 on the 22nd of October. On the 18th of November 2008 the Moon Mineralogy Mapper was turned on and collected a first light data set within 24 h. During this early checkout period and throughout the mission the spacecraft thermal environment and orbital parameters varied more than expected and placed operational and data quality constraints on the measurements. On the 29th of August 2009, spacecraft communication was lost. Over the course of the flight mission 1542 downlinked data sets were acquired that provide coverage of more than 95% of the lunar surface. An end-to-end science data calibration system was developed and all measurements have been passed through this system and delivered to the Planetary Data System (PDS.NASA.GOV). An extensive effort has been undertaken by the science team to validate the Moon Mineralogy Mapper science measurements in the context of the mission objectives. A focused spectral, radiometric, spatial, and uniformity validation effort has been pursued with selected data sets including an Earth-view data set. With this effort an initial validation of the on-orbit performance of the imaging spectrometer has been achieved, including validation of the cross-track spectral uniformity and spectral instantaneous field of view uniformity. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper is the first imaging spectrometer to measure a data set of this kind at the Moon. These calibrated science measurements are being used to address the full set of science goals and objectives for this mission.

297 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
05 Mar 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the calibrated, high signal-to-noise ratio measurements of the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to investigate terrestrial ecology topics related to: (1) Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Ecosystems and their components, (2) Ecosystem Function, Physiology and Seasonal Activity, Biogeochemical Cycles, (3) Changes in Disturbance Activity, and (4) Environment and Human Health.
Abstract: Contiguous spectral measurements in the image domain made by the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) have been used to advance a range of Terrestrial Ecology science investigation over the past two decades. Currently there are hundreds of relevant refereed journal articles. The calibrated, high signal-to-noise ratio measurements of AVIRIS are used to investigate terrestrial ecology topics related to: (1) Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Ecosystems and their Components, (2) Ecosystem Function, Physiology and Seasonal Activity, (3) Biogeochemical Cycles, (3) Changes in Disturbance Activity, and (4) Ecosystems and Human Health.

105 citations

06 Aug 2011
TL;DR: The NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program in 2011 selected Interplanetary CubeSats for further investigation, some results of which are reported here for Phase 1 as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Interplanetary CubeSats could enable small, low-cost missions beyond low Earth orbit. This class is defined by mass < ~ 10 kg, cost < $30 M, and durations up to 5 years. Over the coming decade, a stretch of each of six distinct technology areas, creating one overarching architecture, could enable comparatively low-cost Solar System exploration missions with capabilities far beyond those demonstrated in small satellites to date. The six technology areas are: (1) CubeSat electronics and subsystems extended to operate in the interplanetary environment, especially radiation and duration of operation; (2) Optical telecommunications to enable very small, low-power uplink/downlink over interplanetary distances; (3) Solar sail propulsion to enable high !V maneuvering using no propellant; (4) Navigation of the Interplanetary Superhighway to enable multiple destinations over reasonable mission durations using achievable !V; (5) Small, highly capable instrumentation enabling acquisition of high-quality scientific and exploration information; and (6) Onboard storage and processing of raw instrument data and navigation information to enable maximum utility of uplink and downlink telecom capacity, and minimal operations staffing. The NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) program in 2011 selected Interplanetary CubeSats for further investigation, some results of which are reported here for Phase 1.

92 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The properties of convex gratings fabricated by electron-beam lithography are investigated and compare favorably with conventional types in terms of efficiency and scatter.
Abstract: The properties of convex gratings fabricated by electron-beam lithography are investigated Three grating types are shown The first is a single-panel, true blazed grating in which the blaze angle stays constant relative to the local surface normal This grating provides high peak efficiencies of approximately 88% in the first order and 85% in the second order The second grating has two concentric panels, with each panel blazed at a different angle This type permits flexibility in matching the grating response to a desired form The third type has a groove shape that departs from the sawtooth blazed profile to increase the second-order bandwidth All these types are difficult or impossible to produce with conventional techniques The gratings compare favorably with conventional (holographic and ruled) types in terms of efficiency and scatter Simple scalar models are shown to predict the wavelength response accurately These gratings allow the optical designer to realize fully the considerable advantages of concentric spectrometer forms

91 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is a hyperspectral imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft as discussed by the authors, which consists of three subassemblies, a gimbaled Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), and the Gimbal Motor Electronics (GME).
Abstract: [1] The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is a hyperspectral imager on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft. CRISM consists of three subassemblies, a gimbaled Optical Sensor Unit (OSU), a Data Processing Unit (DPU), and the Gimbal Motor Electronics (GME). CRISM's objectives are (1) to map the entire surface using a subset of bands to characterize crustal mineralogy, (2) to map the mineralogy of key areas at high spectral and spatial resolution, and (3) to measure spatial and seasonal variations in the atmosphere. These objectives are addressed using three major types of observations. In multispectral mapping mode, with the OSU pointed at planet nadir, data are collected at a subset of 72 wavelengths covering key mineralogic absorptions and binned to pixel footprints of 100 or 200 m/pixel. Nearly the entire planet can be mapped in this fashion. In targeted mode the OSU is scanned to remove most along-track motion, and a region of interest is mapped at full spatial and spectral resolution (15–19 m/pixel, 362–3920 nm at 6.55 nm/channel). Ten additional abbreviated, spatially binned images are taken before and after the main image, providing an emission phase function (EPF) of the site for atmospheric study and correction of surface spectra for atmospheric effects. In atmospheric mode, only the EPF is acquired. Global grids of the resulting lower data volume observations are taken repeatedly throughout the Martian year to measure seasonal variations in atmospheric properties. Raw, calibrated, and map-projected data are delivered to the community with a spectral library to aid in interpretation.

999 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) as discussed by the authors, and the primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration.
Abstract: The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The WAC is a 7-color push-frame camera (100 and 400 m/pixel visible and UV, respectively), while the two NACs are monochrome narrow-angle linescan imagers (0.5 m/pixel). The primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration. The overarching goals of the LROC investigation include landing site identification and certification, mapping of permanently polar shadowed and sunlit regions, meter-scale mapping of polar regions, global multispectral imaging, a global morphology base map, characterization of regolith properties, and determination of current impact hazards.

738 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
J. Pearlman, P.S. Barry1, C.C. Segal, J. Shepanski, D. Beiso, S.L. Carman 
TL;DR: The Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer was the first imaging spectrometer to routinely acquire science-grade data from Earth orbit and met or exceeded predictions including continued operation well beyond the planned one-year program.
Abstract: The Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer was the first imaging spectrometer to routinely acquire science-grade data from Earth orbit. Instrument performance was validated and carefully monitored through a combination of calibration approaches: solar, lunar, earth (vicarious) and atmospheric observations complemented by onboard calibration lamps and extensive prelaunch calibration. Innovative techniques for spectral calibration of space-based sensors were also tested and validated. Instrument performance met or exceeded predictions including continued operation well beyond the planned one-year program.

549 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the current-state-of-the-art in DL for HSI classification, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the most widely used classifiers in the literature is provided, providing an exhaustive comparison of the discussed techniques.
Abstract: Advances in computing technology have fostered the development of new and powerful deep learning (DL) techniques, which have demonstrated promising results in a wide range of applications. Particularly, DL methods have been successfully used to classify remotely sensed data collected by Earth Observation (EO) instruments. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a hot topic in remote sensing data analysis due to the vast amount of information comprised by this kind of images, which allows for a better characterization and exploitation of the Earth surface by combining rich spectral and spatial information. However, HSI poses major challenges for supervised classification methods due to the high dimensionality of the data and the limited availability of training samples. These issues, together with the high intraclass variability (and interclass similarity) –often present in HSI data– may hamper the effectiveness of classifiers. In order to solve these limitations, several DL-based architectures have been recently developed, exhibiting great potential in HSI data interpretation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current-state-of-the-art in DL for HSI classification, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the most widely used classifiers in the literature. For each discussed method, we provide quantitative results using several well-known and widely used HSI scenes, thus providing an exhaustive comparison of the discussed techniques. The paper concludes with some remarks and hints about future challenges in the application of DL techniques to HSI classification. The source codes of the methods discussed in this paper are available from: https://github.com/mhaut/hyperspectral_deeplearning_review .

534 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the state of the art in atmospheric correction algorithms is provided, recent advances are highlighted and the possible potential for hyperspectral data to address the current challenges is discussed.
Abstract: Accurate correction of the corrupting effects of the atmosphere and the water’s surface are essential in order to obtain the optical, biological and biogeochemical properties of the water from satellite-based multi- and hyper-spectral sensors. The major challenges now for atmospheric correction are the conditions of turbid coastal and inland waters and areas in which there are strongly-absorbing aerosols. Here, we outline how these issues can be addressed, with a focus on the potential of new sensor technologies and the opportunities for the development of novel algorithms and aerosol models. We review hardware developments, which will provide qualitative and quantitative increases in spectral, spatial, radiometric and temporal data of the Earth, as well as measurements from other sources, such as the Aerosol Robotic Network for Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) stations, bio-optical sensors on Argo (Bio–Argo) floats and polarimeters. We provide an overview of the state of the art in atmospheric correction algorithms, highlight recent advances and discuss the possible potential for hyperspectral data to address the current challenges.

490 citations