Paolo Papale

TL;DR: Papale et al. as mentioned in this paper applied thermodynamic equilibrium between gaseous and liquid volatile components to model the volatile saturation surface in H 2 O−CO 2 -silicate melt systems.

TL;DR: A model in which a fragmentation criterion, based on a rate-limited crossing of the glass transition, is incorporated into a multiphase fluid-dynamic description of magma ascent demonstrates the feasibility of strain-induced brittle fragmentation of magMA in volcanic eruptions.

TL;DR: In this article, a series of high-temperature, high-pressure experiments at conditions relevant for volcanic conduits were undertaken to investigate the rheology of magma with crystal fractions varying between 0.5 and 0.8 at different strain-rate conditions.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of two years of real-time observation of H2O, CO2, and SO2 in volcanic gases from Mount Etna volcano were unambiguously demonstrated that increasing CO2/SO2 ratios can allow detection of pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas.

TL;DR: In this article, a Vesuvius Event Tree (ET) was created to summarize in a numerical-graphical form, at different levels of detail, all the relative likelihoods relating to the genesis and style of eruption, development and nature of volcanic hazards, and the probabilities of occurrence of different volcanic risks in the next eruption crisis.