Parthiban Karuppaiah

Bio: Parthiban Karuppaiah is an academic researcher from College of Health Sciences, Bahrain. The author has contributed to research in topics: Aerolysin & Aeromonas hydrophila. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 2 publications receiving 18 citations.

Green fabrication, characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum americanum (Hoary Basil) and investigation of its in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and photocatalytic reduction

Abstract: Green fabrications of metallic nanoparticles are rapidly developing the research era, due to their broad spectrum of applications in the field of biomedical sciences. In the present study, the green fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been demonstrated by a highly stable, biocompatible, and environmental friendly aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum americanum for their antibacterial, anticancerous, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency. The synthesized AgNPs were confirmed by UV–Visible spectroscopy, which indicates the surface plasmon resonance λmax band at 435 nm. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM micrographs showed spherical shaped AgNPs, and EDX analysis confirmed the crystalline purity of green fabricated AgNPs. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) technique indicated the presence of active functional groups such as O‒H, C˭C, C‒H, C‒N involved in the reduction and surface capping agent of green fabricated AgNPs. The XRD analysis of synthesized AgNPs showed the face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure. The DLS measurement showed average particle size of distribution was 48.25 nm and Zeta potential value at −20.2 mV revealed high stability of fabricated AgNPs. Further, the synthesized AgNPs has exhibited potential antibacterial activity against pathogenic Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacteria and in-vitro antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH, H2O2 and reducing power assays. The in-vitro cytotoxic effects of fabricated AgNPs against A549 lung cancer cells displayed apoptotic cell death confirmed by fluorescent staining techniques and the cellular apoptotic induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest confirmed with the flow cytometry analysis. On the other hand, the AgNPs exhibited efficient photocatalytic dye degradation of eosin yellow (EY) under sunlight and UV-irradiation method. The AgNPs did not lyse the hemoglobin from human red blood cells and showed its biocompatibility on human cells. Herein, the present study proves an effective, economical, and multifunctional AgNPs for improved therapeutic and catalytic applications.

An In Silico Evaluation of Molecular Interaction Between Antimicrobial Peptide Subtilosin A of Bacillus subtilis with Virulent Proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila

Abstract: Subtilosin A, a cyclic peptide from Bacillus subtilis is known for its antimicrobial activity against a diverse range of bacteria. Herein, we report the specific interaction between subtilosin A against virulent proteins of Aeromonas hydrophila through in silico analysis. Aeromonas toxic proteins such as aerolysin and hemolysin were selected from the non-redundant database. The hemolysin protein was designed by homology modelling tool, and it was validated using Ramachandran plot. Then subtilosin A and target toxin proteins were energy minimized for further docking study. The whole docking experiments were done using antibody mode in Cluspro. Subtilosin A building an active interaction with Aeromonas toxins through H-bonds and protein–protein docking analysis revealed that the hemolysin has 6 H-bond interaction towards the antimicrobial target protein subtilosin A than aerolysin, which has 9 H-bonds. The most favourable interacting residues of subtilosin A are Thr6, Cys13, Ile19, Pro20, Asp21, Phe22, Glu23 and Gly35 involving in the strong H-bond formation and proceeds to inhibition of toxin. Hence, the study confirmed that the subtilosin A has more antimicrobial activity to inhibit the Aeromonas toxins by interacting with their binding site residues for preventing extracellular cleavage.

Green synthesis of a silver nanoparticle using Moringa oleifera seed and its applications for antimicrobial and sun-light mediated photocatalytic water detoxification

Abstract: Natural water resources are rapidly being polluted because of improper treatment of sewage from industrial facilities; accordingly, there is an urgent need for environmentally friendly methods of treatment for this type of waste. Here, synthesis of cost effective, green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Moringa oleifera seed (MOS) as a reducing/capping agent and their applications in antimicrobial and photocatalytic oxidation for water treatment are reported. The results revealed that the MOS-AgNPs were crystalline and spherical, with an average size of 4.0 nm. The MOS-AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus; 14.6 mm) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli; 30.6 mm, Salmonella enterica typhimurium (29 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 22.8 mm) bacteria. Moreover, the MOS-AgNPs showed remarkable photocatalytic activity toward organic dyes (methylene blue (> 81%), orange red (> 82%), and 4-nitrophenol (> 75%)) under sunlight irradiation. In addition, > 80% of the toxic Pb metal ions were removed from the treated water by MOS-AgNPs. Under similar conditions, the synthesized MOS-AgNPs retained their photocatalytic efficiency after 10 photocatalytic cycles. Overall, these findings indicate that MOS-AgNPs may be a powerful antimicrobial agent against water borne pathogens as well as a promising and economic agent for use in the treatment of waste generated by industrial dyeing processes.

Spectral and structure characterization of Ferula assafoetida fabricated silver nanoparticles and evaluation of its cytotoxic, and photocatalytic competence

Abstract: This study aims to develop an eco-friendly method for rapidly synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Asafoetida ethanol extracts and to validate AgNPs synthesis using UV-vis spectroscopy (absorption spectrum), FTIR (functional groups), XRD (crystallinity), FE-SEM (size of the particles) and SEM-EDAX (Purity). Furthermore, to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of Ag NPs against grown cultured L6 cell lines, studies have shown that AgNPs biosynthesis inhibits cancer cell growth compared to control cell lines. UV-vis absorption verified the existence of Ag NPs, and the spectrum was observed at 480 nm. Functional groups are present in the synthesized Ag NPs were shifted on 528.48 cm-1 confirmed using an FT-IR spectrum. Consequently, anti-cancer efficacy observed the IC50 value of As Ag NPs against L6 cells was 1.0 μg/mL for 48 h. Finally, using a halogen lamp, studies explored the photocatalytic degradation of AgNPs against the methylene blue radioactive dye and achieved a 96 percent degradation rate in 90 min. Asafoetida mediated silver nanoparticles show grater photodegradation for methylene blue dye, which is present in textile industries, when exposed to solar light, and it has a wide range of potential applications in wastewater treatment. As a whole, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed excellent cytotoxic, antioxidant, and photocatalytic dye degradation effects.