Patricia Hernández-Ledesma

Bio: Patricia Hernández-Ledesma is an academic researcher from Free University of Berlin. The author has contributed to research in topics: Caryophyllales & Monophyly. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 7 publications receiving 211 citations. Previous affiliations of Patricia Hernández-Ledesma include Autonomous University of Queretaro & National Autonomous University of Mexico.

A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales

Abstract: The Caryophyllales constitute a major lineage of flowering plants with approximately 12500 species in 39 families. A taxonomic backbone at the genus level is provided that reflects the current state of knowledge and accepts 749 genera for the order. A detailed review of the literature of the past two decades shows that enormous progress has been made in understanding overall phylogenetic relationships in Caryophyllales. The process of re-circumscribing families in order to be monophyletic appears to be largely complete and has led to the recognition of eight new families (Anacampserotaceae, Kewaceae, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Macarthuriaceae, Microteaceae, Montiaceae and Talinaceae), while the phylogenetic evaluation of generic concepts is still well underway. As a result of this, the number of genera has increased by more than ten percent in comparison to the last complete treatments in the Families and genera of vascular plants” series. A checklist with all currently accepted genus names in Caryophyllales, as well as nomenclatural references, type names and synonymy is presented. Notes indicate how extensively the respective genera have been studied in a phylogenetic context. The most diverse families at the generic level are Cactaceae and Aizoaceae, but 28 families comprise only one to six genera. This synopsis represents a first step towards the aim of creating a global synthesis of the species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales integrating the work of numerous specialists around the world.

An integrative and dynamic approach for monographing species-rich plant groups - Building the global synthesis of the angiosperm order Caryophyllales

Abstract: Fil: Borsch, Thomas. Freie Universitat Berlin; Alemania. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research; Alemania

Comparative stem anatomy of Mirabilis (Nyctaginaceae)

Abstract: Mirabilis, a primarily American genus of 50–60 species almost restricted to the New World, is the most diverse within Nyctaginaceae It not only has the greatest number of species, but also many life forms, with annual herbaceous, suffrutescent and shrubby species and with prostrate, decumbent to erect stems that are sometimes clambering Stem anatomy has been studied only for M jalapa, and its characteristics extrapolated to the entire genus In this study we evaluated the taxonomic significance of stem anatomical characters from 24 species of Mirabilis, as well as their potential relation to habit evolution Qualitative and quantitative characters of transverse and longitudinal sections were evaluated using light and scanning electron microscopy Stem anatomy varies in several features The phloem is arranged in short tangential spreading bands or in large tangential bands forming semi-complete rings; the conjunctive tissue is fibrous, with thin-walled sclereids and fibres, or parenchymatous; the vessels are solitary or grouped in radial multiples or clusters; the xylem fibres are very thin-walled or thin- to thick-walled with simple to minutely bordered pits; most species are raylessness; the pith has parenchyma or thin-walled sclereids or brachysclereids The distribution of anatomical characters in Mirabilis does not correspond with the current infrageneric classification We suggest that some stem anatomical characters are correlated with habit and that the vascular cylinder and pith characters are related to an increase in mechanical strength This study provides new information and novel characters about the stem anatomy not only of Mirabilis, but of the family

Phylogenetic utility of the trnH–psbA IGR and stem-loop diversity of the 3′ UTR in Cactaceae (Caryophyllales)

Abstract: The ultrastructure of the psbA–trnH intergenic region (hereafter IGR) of the Cactaceae was characterised based on 642 sequences identifying a conserved region and a mutational hot spot with different evolutionary rates. The first section of the IGR includes a highly conserved 3′ UTR of the psbA containing a TATA-box and a stem-loop. The second section of the IGR is a highly variable intergenic spacer (hereafter IGS) with a mutational hot spot. The phylogenetic utility of this IGR was tested by applying four different partitioned schemes to the same data set and searching for trees under different evolutionary models. The IGR showed 90 different stem-loop conformations with the highest diversity found in the Cactoideae with 78 architectures, the Opuntioideae with nine and the Pereskioideae with seven different architectures. The shortest stem-loop was recovered for Rhipsalis paradoxa with 47 nt, while the longest stem-loop was found in five species of Echinocereus. The organisation of the IGR in the Cactaceae follows the overall general organisation analysed for other angiosperms, and it seems that within the family, there is a general tendency to the reduction in length of the IGR in Maihuenia + Opuntioideae + Cacteae compared with Pereskia. The over-partition of the data set reduces resolution and support, while the un-partitioned analysis, disregarding primary homology assessment, shows good support and resolution but builds a phylogeny on ambiguous grounds. The best proposal scheme for this IGR is a partitioned analysis including three different regions that shows high support and resolution and considers primary homology assessment as a fundamental step in phylogeny reconstruction.

Cladistic Analysis and Taxonomic Synopsis of Anulocaulis (Nyctaginaceae) Based on Morphological Data

Abstract: A cladistic analysis including for the first time all taxa of Anulocaulis, five species and four varieties, is presented. Sixteen potentially related taxa classified within Boerhavia, Commicarpits, Cyphomeris, Nyctaginia, and Okenia were used as outgroup to test the monophyly and phylogenetic position of Anulocaulis; Mirabilis glabrifolia was used to root the tree. Forty-one characters were included in the matrix, which was analyzed using the parsimony criterion. Our results are in partial agreement with previous studies using molecular data. Here, the monophyly of Anulocaulis is corroborated, but the sister group remains ambiguous depending on whether the multistate characters are treated as additive or nonadditive. In the first case, Anulocaulis is sister to Nyctaginia-Okenia, while in the second it is sister to Boerhavia anisophylla. The morphological characters which have been used in the traditional taxonomy and classification of the genus are analyzed and discussed under a phylogenetic cont...

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An updated checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy

Abstract: An updated inventory of the vascular flora alien to Italy, providing details on the occurrence at regional level, is presented. The checklist includes 1597 species, subspecies, and hybrids, distributed in 725 genera and 152 families; 2 taxa are lycophytes, 11 ferns and fern allies, 33 gymnosperms, and 1551 angiosperms. 157 taxa are archaeophytes and 1440 neophytes. The alien taxa currently established in Italy are 791 (570 naturalized and 221 invasive), while 705 taxa are casual aliens, 4 are not assessed, 7 are of unknown regional distribution, 47 have not been confirmed in recent times, 3 are considered extinct or possibly extinct in the country, and 40 are doubtfully occurring in Italy. This checklist allows to establish an up-to-date number (9792) of taxa constituting the whole (native and alien) Italian flora.

Carnivorous plants: Phylogeny and structural evolution

Abstract: The carnivorous habit in flowering plants represents a grade of structural organization. Different morphological features associated with the attraction, trapping, and digestion of prey characterize a diversity of specialized forms, including the familiar pitcher and flypaper traps. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data from the plastic rbcL gene indicates that both carnivory and stereotyped trap forms have arisen independently in different lineages of angiosperms. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that flypaper traps share close common ancestry with all other trap forms. Recognition of these patterns of diversification may provide ideal, naturally occurring systems for studies of developmental processes underlying macromorphological evolution in angiosperms.