Probability Distributions.- Linear Models for Regression.- Linear Models for Classification.- Neural Networks.- Kernel Methods.- Sparse Kernel Machines.- Graphical Models.- Mixture Models and EM.- Approximate Inference.- Sampling Methods.- Continuous Latent Variables.- Sequential Data.- Combining Models.

Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning

What is modal logic

After virtue, a study in moral theory

Knowledge and the Flow of Information.

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The Uses Of Argument

In information societies, operations, decisions and choices previously left to humans are increasingly delegated to algorithms, which may advise, if not decide, about how data should be interpreted and what actions should be taken as a result. More and more often, algorithms mediate social processes, business transactions, governmental decisions, and how we perceive, understand, and interact among ourselves and with the environment. Gaps between the design and operation of algorithms and our understanding of their ethical implications can have severe consequences affecting individuals as well as groups and whole societies. This paper makes three contributions to clarify the ethical importance of algorithmic mediation. It provides a prescriptive map to organise the debate. It reviews the current discussion of ethical aspects of algorithms. And it assesses the available literature in order to identify areas requiring further work to develop the ethics of algorithms.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2053951716679679

The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate:

Up to now theories of semantic information have implicitly relied on logical monism, or the view that there is one true logic. The latter position has been explicitly challenged by logical pluralists. Adopting an unbiased attitude in the philosophy of information, we take a suggestion from Beall and Restall at heart and exploit logical pluralism to recognise another kind of pluralism. The latter is called informational pluralism, a thesis whose implications for a theory of semantic information we explore.

Logical pluralism and semantic information

The logic of ‘being informed’ gives a formal analysis of a cognitive state that does not coincide with either belief, or knowledge. To Floridi, who first proposed the formal analysis, the latter is supported by the fact that unlike knowledge or belief, being informed is a factive, but not a reflective state. This paper takes a closer look at the formal analysis itself, provides a pure and an applied semantics for the logic of being informed, and tries to find out to what extent the formal analysis can contribute to an information-based epistemology.

/pdf/the-logic-of-being-informed-revisited-and-revised-2w7gm64k1p.pdf

The logic of 'being informed' revisited and revised

Notes on Contributors. Introduction. 1 Putting Information First: Luciano Floridi and the Philosophy of Information (PATRICK ALLO). Knowledge. 2 The Value of Knowledge and the Pursuit of Survival (SHERRILYN ROUSH). 3 Knowledge Transmissibility and Pluralistic Ignorance: A First Stab (VINCENT F. HENDRICKS). Agency. 4 Meeting Floridi's Challenge to Artificial Intelligence from the Knowledge-Game Test for Self-Consciousness (SELMER BRINGSJORD). Semantic Information. 5 Information Without Truth (ANDREA SCARANTINO AND GUALTIERO PICCININI). 6 Information and Knowledge a la Floridi (FRED ADAMS). Methodology. 7 Abstraction, Law, and Freedom in Computer Science (TIMOTHY COLBURN AND GARY SHUTE). Metaphysics. 8 Structuralism and Information (OTA VIO BUENO). Ethics. 9 Why Information Ethics Must Begin with Virtue Ethics (RICHARD VOLKMAN). Replies. 10 The Philosophy of Information: Ten Years Later (LUCIANO FLORIDI). Epilogue. 11 Philosophy in the Information Age (TERRELL WARD BYNUM). Index.

Putting information first: luciano floridi and the philosophy of information

In the contemporary society a massive amount of data is generated continuously by various means, and they are called Big-Data sets. Big Data has potential and limits which need to be understood by statisticians and statistics consumers, therefore it is a challenge to develop Big-Data Literacy to support the needs of constructive, concerned, and reflective citizens. However, the development of the concept of statistical literacy mirrors the current gap between purely technical and socio-political characterizations of Big Data. In this paper, we review the recent history of the concept of statistical literacy and highlight the need to integrate the new challenges and critical issues from data science associated with Big Data, including ethics, epistemology, mathematical justification, and math washing.
First published February 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives

Patrick Allo

Papers

The ethics of algorithms: Mapping the debate:

Logical pluralism and semantic information

The logic of 'being informed' revisited and revised

Putting information first: luciano floridi and the philosophy of information

Big-Data Literacy as a New Vocation for Statistical Literacy.