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TL;DR: In this article, a bidentate linkage is formed between an acidic aluminum and two oxygen atoms of an acetal unit of Fomblin Z chains, and the partial positive charge thus developed at the acetal carbon induces a fluorine atom transfer from the adjacent CF2 unit onto theacetal carbon and results in chain scission with transformation of the entire chain into either an acylfluoride end-group (FCO-CF2-O) or a fluoro-formate endgroup (FO-O)-group.
153 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the properties of the main classes of carbon films used for magnetic storage disks is presented, and the main approaches to assess the structural and morphological properties of ultra-thin carbon layers are reviewed.
Abstract: Diamond-like carbon films form a critical protective layer on magnetic hard disks and their reading heads. The ultimate limit to storage density is the super-paramagnetic limit, where the thermal energy is able to overcome the coercive energy of the magnetic bit. Perpendicular recording should allow storage densities up to ;1 Tbityinch . This requires the read head to approach 2 closer to the magnetic layer and ever-thinner layers of carbon 1–2 nm thick. A critical review of the properties of the main classes of carbon films used for magnetic storage disks is presented. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon can provide the atomic smoothness, continuity and density required for magnetic storage applications down to a few atomic layers thickness. The main approaches to assess the structural and morphological properties of ultra-thin carbon layers are reviewed. Raman spectroscopy, Xray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy and surface acoustic waves based methods allow a full non-destructive characterization of ultra-thin carbon layers. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
226 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe methods to produce thinner coatings such as high plasma density plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) methods and the filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA).
192 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare traditional lubrication concepts and those necessary for nanolubrication and propose various nanometer scale thick lubricating film designs as a means to control the surface properties of surfaces at nano/micro scales.
132 citations
TL;DR: This study investigates a perfluorinated polymer additive, PFPE, incorporated to activate Al reactivity in Al-CuO and Al-MoO3 and shows that the performance of the thermite-PFPE blends is highly dependent on the bond dissociation energy of the metal oxide.
Abstract: Aluminum (Al) particles are passivated by an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) shell. Energetic blends of nanometer-sized Al particles with liquid perfluorocarbon-based oxidizers such as perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) excite surface exothermic reaction between fluorine and the Al2O3 shell. The surface reaction promotes Al particle reactivity. Many Al-fueled composites use solid oxidizers that induce no Al2O3 surface exothermicity, such as molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) or copper oxide (CuO). This study investigates a perfluorinated polymer additive, PFPE, incorporated to activate Al reactivity in Al-CuO and Al-MoO3. Flame speeds, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) were performed for varying percentages of PFPE blended with Al/MoO3 or Al/CuO to examine reaction kinetics and combustion performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed to identify product species. Results show that the performance of the thermite-PFPE blends is highly dependent on the bond dissociation energy of the metal oxide. Fluorine-Al-based surface reaction with MoO3 produces an increase in reactivity, whereas the blends with CuO show a decline when the PFPE concentration is increased. These results provide new evidence that optimizing Al combustion can be achieved through activating exothermic Al surface reactions.
115 citations