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Peter C. Hayes

Bio: Peter C. Hayes is an academic researcher from University of Queensland. The author has contributed to research in topics: Liquidus & Slag. The author has an hindex of 36, co-authored 360 publications receiving 8021 citations. Previous affiliations of Peter C. Hayes include University of Strathclyde & Australian National University.
Topics: Liquidus, Slag, Phase (matter), Tridymite, Copper


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the peak positions and peak shape parameters of Fe 3p for Fe2+ and Fe3+ were derived from the XPS spectra of the standard samples of 2FeO·SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively.

4,434 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a two-sublattice spinel solid solution was developed within the framework of the compound energy formalism (CEF) for the spinel solvices.
Abstract: The Fe-Zn-O phase diagram in air was studied over the temperature range from 900 °C to 1500 °C. The compositions of the phases in quenched samples were obtained by electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA). This experimental technique is not affected by zinc losses resulting from vaporization of zinc at high temperatures. The model for the spinel solid solution was developed within the framework of the compound-energy formalism (CEF). The choice of parameters of the CEF and the sequence of their optimization can have a major influence on the predictions in multicomponent phases. These choices can only be made rationally by reference to the specific model being represented in the CEF. This is discussed for the case of the two-sublattice spinel model. In the limiting case, the proposed model reduces to the model by O’Neill and Navrotsky for spinels. When the CEF is used in combination with the equation of Hillert and Jarl to describe the magnetic contribution to thermodynamic functions of a solution, it is necessary to assign certain values of magnetic properties to all pseudocomponents and to magnetic interaction parameters to obtain the most reasonable approximation of the magnetic properties of a solution. It was shown how this can be done based on very limited experimental data. The same equations can be used when the Murnaghan or the Birch-Murnaghan equation is combined with the CEF to describe the pressure dependence of thermodynamic functions. The polynomial model was used to describe the properties of wustite and zincite, and the modified quasichemical model was used for the liquid slag. All thermodynamic and phase-equilibria data on the Fe-O and Fe-Zn-O systems were critically evaluated, and parameters of the models were optimized to give a self-consistent set of thermodynamic functions of the phases in these systems. All experimental data are reproduced within experimental error limits. These include the thermodynamic properties of phases (such as specific heat, heat content, entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs energy); the cation distribution between octahedral and tetrahedral sites in spinel; the oxygen partial pressure over single-phase, two-phase, and three-phase regions; the phase boundaries (liquidus, solidus, and subsolidus); and the tie-lines.

113 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the XPS peaks of Fe 3p for Fe2+ and Fe3+ in FeO and Fe2O3, respectively, have been measured and the effects of curve fitting parameters on interpretation of the data have been analyzed.

82 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to determine the optimum bubble size for the removal of inclusions from molten metals by flotation, where the probability of collision between a bubble and an inclusion, PC, and probability of adhesion of an inclusion to a bubble by sliding, PA, are defined to describe the efficiency of inclusion attachment.
Abstract: A mathematical model has been developed to determine the optimum bubble size for the removal of inclusions from molten metals by flotation. The probability of collision between a bubble and an inclusion, PC, and the probability of adhesion of an inclusion to a bubble by sliding, PA, are defined to describe the efficiency of inclusion attachment to a bubble. The results show that small bubbles have a high PC, while small inclusions have a high PA and low PC. By considering the overall probability, P (=PC×PA), and the floating time of the bubble, the model suggests that the optimum bubble sizes for the removal from steel of alumina inclusions less than 50 μm in size are in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm in diameter.

76 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI

[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1988-Nature
TL;DR: In this paper, a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) is presented.
Abstract: Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

9,929 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the peak positions and peak shape parameters of Fe 3p for Fe2+ and Fe3+ were derived from the XPS spectra of the standard samples of 2FeO·SiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively.

4,434 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) has been extensively applied in the field of materials science as discussed by the authors, covering the study of heavy metals, ceramics and minerals, large-scale structures, dynamic processes and radiation damage.

1,700 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Nov 2019-Nature
TL;DR: The current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use are outlined, areas for future progress are highlighted, and processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ions from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.
Abstract: Rapid growth in the market for electric vehicles is imperative, to meet global targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, to improve air quality in urban centres and to meet the needs of consumers, with whom electric vehicles are increasingly popular. However, growing numbers of electric vehicles present a serious waste-management challenge for recyclers at end-of-life. Nevertheless, spent batteries may also present an opportunity as manufacturers require access to strategic elements and critical materials for key components in electric-vehicle manufacture: recycled lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles could provide a valuable secondary source of materials. Here we outline and evaluate the current range of approaches to electric-vehicle lithium-ion battery recycling and re-use, and highlight areas for future progress. Processes for dismantling and recycling lithium-ion battery packs from scrap electric vehicles are outlined.

1,333 citations