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Peter C. Whybrow

Bio: Peter C. Whybrow is an academic researcher from Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior. The author has contributed to research in topics: Bipolar disorder & Mood. The author has an hindex of 47, co-authored 176 publications receiving 9643 citations. Previous affiliations of Peter C. Whybrow include University of Pennsylvania & University of California, Los Angeles.


Papers
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TL;DR: The treatment of bipolar illness could be enhanced by public health efforts to promote early diagnosis and treatment; ensuring adequate trials of mood-stabilizers for patients with frequent recurrences; further research on bipolar disorder with prominent anxiety symptoms; and improved access to mental health care.

853 citations

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TL;DR: This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry to produce a series of practice recommendations that are clinically and scientifically meaningful based on the available evidence.
Abstract: Objectives. This 2013 update of the practice guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societi...

485 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These practical guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders in primary care settings were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry and offer practical recommendations for general practitioners encountering patients with these conditions.
Abstract: These practical guidelines for the biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders in primary care settings were developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). They embody the results of a systematic review of all available clinical and scientific evidence pertaining to the treatment of unipolar depressive disorders and offer practical recommendations for general practitioners encountering patients with these conditions. The guidelines cover disease definition, classification, epidemiology and course of unipolar depressive disorders, and the principles of management in the acute, continuation and maintenance phase. They deal primarily with biological treatment (including antidepressants, other psychopharmacological and hormonal medications, electroconvulsive therapy, light therapy).

469 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bimodal distribution of scores of manic patients on the Well-Being and Depression Index subscales substantiated earlier findings that euphoric mood is not an essential feature of mania and proposed that variables related to activation level and not to mood state constitute the core characteristics of the manic syndrome.
Abstract: • We report the reliability and validity of the Internal State Scale, a self-report instrument for the simultaneous assessment of severity of manic and depressive symptoms The Internal State Scale consists of four empirically derived subscales: Activation, Well-Being, Perceived Conflict, and the Depression Index All subscales had good internal consistency reliability Activation subscale scores were significantly higher in manic patients than in depressed patients or control subjects, while Well-Being subscale scores were significantly lower and the Depression Index subscale scores were significantly higher in depressed patients than in the other two groups Activation subscale scores were correlated specifically with clinician ratings of mania Depression Index subscale scores were correlated specifically with clinician ratings of depression Further evidence for the validity of the subscales of the Internal State Scale in reflecting manic or depressive symptoms came from discriminant function analysis in which these subscales assigned 88% of subjects to the correct diagnostic groups In affectively ill patients who were studied in two or more mood states, Activation, Depression Index, and Well-Being subscale scores changed significantly in the predicted directions, while the same discriminant algorithm assigned 79% of mood states to the correct diagnostic category Bimodal distribution of scores of manic patients on the Well-Being and Depression Index subscales substantiated earlier findings that euphoric mood is not an essential feature of mania Based on findings from this and previous studies, the hypothesis is proposed that variables related to activation level, and not to mood state, constitute the core characteristics of the manic syndrome

399 citations

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TL;DR: Evidence suggests that the modulation by thyroid hormones of the beta-adrenergic receptor response to catecholamines may contribute to these effects of depression and mania.
Abstract: • Recent prospective studies suggest that thyroid state plays a role in affective disorders. A lack of thyroid hormones can lower the threshold for depression; an excess can contribute to a state of tense dysphoria. Thyroid function in some persons also appears to influence the course of affective disorders. Adequate mobilization of thyroid hormones favors recovery from depression; excess mobilization increases the risk of mania in vulnerable individuals. Although other mechanisms may be involved, evidence suggests that the modulation by thyroid hormones of the β-adrenergic receptor response to catecholamines may contribute to these effects. Norepinephrine stimulates such receptors; thyroid hormones increase their ability to receive stimulation. The plausibility of such interactions between catecholamines and thyroid hormones occurring in the CNS is strengthened by their common origin in the amino acid tyrosine and by their synergism in many metabolic processes.

322 citations


Cited by
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TL;DR: The acute and longer-term treatment outcomes associated with each of four successive steps in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial are described and compared.
Abstract: Objective: This report describes the participants and compares the acute and longer-term treatment outcomes associated with each of four successive steps in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial. Method: A broadly representative adult outpatient sample with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder received one (N=3,671) to four (N=123) successive acute treatment steps. Those not achieving remission with or unable to tolerate a treatment step were encouraged to move to the next step. Those with an acceptable benefit, preferably symptom remission, from any particular step could enter a 12-month naturalistic follow-up phase. A score of ≤5 on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self-Report (QIDS-SR 16 ) (equivalent to ≤7 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HRSD 17 ]) defined remission; a QIDS-SR 16 total score of ≥11 (HRSD 17 ≥14) defined relapse. Results: The QIDS-SR 16 remission rates were 36.8%, 30.6%, 13.7%, and 13.0% for the first, second, t...

3,768 citations

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the rules of the ring, the ring population, and the need to get off the ring in order to measure the movement of a cyclic clock.
Abstract: 1980 Preface * 1999 Preface * 1999 Acknowledgements * Introduction * 1 Circular Logic * 2 Phase Singularities (Screwy Results of Circular Logic) * 3 The Rules of the Ring * 4 Ring Populations * 5 Getting Off the Ring * 6 Attracting Cycles and Isochrons * 7 Measuring the Trajectories of a Circadian Clock * 8 Populations of Attractor Cycle Oscillators * 9 Excitable Kinetics and Excitable Media * 10 The Varieties of Phaseless Experience: In Which the Geometrical Orderliness of Rhythmic Organization Breaks Down in Diverse Ways * 11 The Firefly Machine 12 Energy Metabolism in Cells * 13 The Malonic Acid Reagent ('Sodium Geometrate') * 14 Electrical Rhythmicity and Excitability in Cell Membranes * 15 The Aggregation of Slime Mold Amoebae * 16 Numerical Organizing Centers * 17 Electrical Singular Filaments in the Heart Wall * 18 Pattern Formation in the Fungi * 19 Circadian Rhythms in General * 20 The Circadian Clocks of Insect Eclosion * 21 The Flower of Kalanchoe * 22 The Cell Mitotic Cycle * 23 The Female Cycle * References * Index of Names * Index of Subjects

3,424 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a meta-analysis reviewed four categories of predictors of objective and subjective career success: human capital, organizational sponsorship, sociodemographic status, and stable individual differences.
Abstract: Using the contest- and sponsored-mobility perspectives as theoretical guides, this meta-analysis reviewed 4 categories of predictors of objective and subjective career success: human capital, organizational sponsorship, sociodemographic status, and stable individual differences. Salary level and promotion served as dependent measures of objective career success, and subjective career success was represented by career satisfaction. Results demonstrated that both objective and subjective career success were related to a wide range of predictors. As a group, human capital and sociodemographic predictors generally displayed stronger relationships with objective career success, and organizational sponsorship and stable individual differences were generally more strongly related to subjective career success. Gender and time (date of the study) moderated several of the relationships examined.

1,987 citations