Author
Peter J. Gibbs
Bio: Peter J. Gibbs is an academic researcher from University College London. The author has contributed to research in topics: Raman spectroscopy & Mass spectrometry. The author has an hindex of 9, co-authored 12 publications receiving 1129 citations.
Papers
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TL;DR: The Raman spectra of over 60 pigments, both natural and synthetic, known to have been in use before ≈ 1850 AD, have been studied by Raman microscopy.
851 citations
TL;DR: The full palettes of one Javanese and four Thai manuscripts, from the collection of the British Library Oriental Department, were studied by Raman microscopy in order to investigate the degradation shown by some of the pigments and to characterize the palette as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The full palettes of one Javanese and four Thai manuscripts, from the collection of the British Library Oriental Department, were studied by Raman microscopy in order to investigate the degradation shown by some of the pigments and to characterize the palette. Vermilion, red lead, red ochre, litharge, massicot, indigo, ultramarine blue, chalk, white lead, gypsum, anhydrite (anhydrous form of gypsum), baryte, orpiment, chrome yellow, chrome orange and a carbon-based pigment (such as lampblack) were detected on the manuscripts. Darkening of a lead pigment due to the formation of the black compound, lead(II) sulphide, was discovered on one of the manuscripts, and the friable nature of the pigments in other manuscripts is probably due to the humidity of the region of origin. Unusual mixtures of white pigments (e.g. white lead and chalk) were detected in the three nineteenth century manuscripts, and modern synthetic pigments were found on the most recent manuscript. Ultramarine blue was used on the late nineteenth century manuscripts, whereas indigo was used on the earlier ones. Indigo was very difficult to identify on manuscripts using early Raman microscopes, but recent improvements in the instrumentation used have enabled it to be detected on such artefacts for the first time here. It was identified subsequently to be the blue dye applied to three other Oriental manuscripts, one Korean, one Chinese and one Uighur. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a study of a rare manuscript demonstrates a promising technique for the nondestructive, in situ analysis of historical artifacts, which can be used for non-destructive analysis of artifacts.
Abstract: A study of a rare manuscript demonstrates a promising technique for the nondestructive, in situ analysis of historical artifacts.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a standard, non-destructive, in situ analytical procedure has been developed to test the proposal that cinnabar [mercury(II) sulphide] is the principal component of red inks and pigments on pre-tenth century Chinese manuscripts.
Abstract: A standard, non-destructive, in situ analytical procedure has been developed to test the proposal that cinnabar [mercury(II) sulphide] is the principal component of red inks and pigments on pre-tenth century Chinese manuscripts. Eight manuscript fragments with traces of red ink or pigmentation, and also one textile fragment, were examined by Raman microscopy, Fourier transform near-infrared Raman spectroscopy and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Mercury(II) sulphide was unambiguously identified on all four paper samples with red calligraphy and on the textile fragment with red pigmentation. Mercury(II) sulphide was not detected on three paper fragments with red legal or punctuation dots or on one paper fragment with a divine image hand-painted in red. The likely identity of the non-cinnabar pigment is madder. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed an in situ, non-intrusive study of three very rare similar 16th century copies of the Qazwini manuscript using Raman microscopy and identified seven pigments, of which six were present on each manuscript: vermilion (mercury(II) sulfide), red lead (dilead(II), lead(IV) oxide), lead white (basic lead (II) carbonate), lapis lazuli, carbon black and Indian yellow (magnesium salt of euxanthic acid) and one
48 citations
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TL;DR: An earlier library of Raman spectra compiled using visible excitation has been extended by the addition of 22 further reference spectra obtained with 780.0, 647.1, 632.8 and/or 514.5 nm excitation.
884 citations
TL;DR: The Raman spectra of over 60 pigments, both natural and synthetic, known to have been in use before ≈ 1850 AD, have been studied by Raman microscopy.
851 citations
Book•
08 Aug 2001TL;DR: Theory of Raman scattering evolution and revolution of the Raman instrumentation, application of available technologies to spectroscopy and microscopy, and its adaptation to the industrial environment can be found in this paper.
Abstract: Theory of Raman scattering evolution and revolution of Raman instrumentation - application of available technologies to spectroscopy and microscopy Raman spectroscopy and its adaptation to the industrial environment Raman microscopy - confocal and scanning near-field Raman imaging the quest for accuracy in Raman spectra chemometrics for Raman spectroscopy Raman spectra of gases Raman spectroscopy applied to crystals - phenomena and principles, concepts and conventions Raman scattering of glass Raman spectroscopic applications to gemmology Raman spectroscopy on II-IV-semiconductor nanostructures medical applications of Raman spectroscopy - in vivo Raman spectroscopy some pharmaceutical applications of Raman spectroscopy low-frequency Raman spectroscopy and biomolecular dynamics - a comparison between different low-frequency experimental techniques collectivity of vibrational modes Raman spectroscopic studies of ion-ion interactions in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolyte solutions environmental applications of Raman spectroscopy to aqueous solutions Raman and surface enhanced resonance Raman scattering - applications in forensic science application of Raman spectroscopy to organic fibres and films applications of IR and Raman spectra of quasi-elemental carbon process Raman spectroscopy the use of Raman spectroscopy to monitor the quality of carbon overcoats in the disk drive industry Raman spectroscopy in the undergraduate teaching laboratory Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of archaeological materials.
611 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the recent advances in Raman spectroscopy and its new trend of applications ranging from ancient archaeology to advanced nanotechnology, including the aspects of Raman measurements to the analysis of various substances categorized into distinct application areas such as biotechnology, mineralogy, environmental monitoring, food and beverages, forensic science, medical and clinical chemistry, diagnostics, pharmaceutical, material science, surface analysis etc.
461 citations
TL;DR: This work presents for the first time a catalogue of Raman spectra of minerals that may be found in corroded metal artworks or artefacts, and includes some inorganic pigments that may been found in or on stained glass.
341 citations