Peter Shaw

Bio: Peter Shaw is an academic researcher from Lancaster University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Mobile computing & Transparency (behavior). The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 12 publications receiving 26 citations.

Supporting Stimulation Needs in Dementia Care through Wall-Sized Displays

Abstract: Beside reminiscing, the increasing cognitive decline in dementia can also be addressed through sensory stimulation allowing the immediate, nonverbal engagement with the world through one's senses. Much HCI work has prioritized cognitive stimulation for reminiscing or personhood often on small screens, while less research has explored sensory stimulation like the one enabled by large displays. We describe a year-long deployment in a residential care home of a wall-sized display, and explored its domestication through 24 contextual interviews. Findings indicate strong engagement and attachment to the display which has inspired four psychosocial interventions using online generic content. We discuss the value of these findings for personhood through residents' exercise of choices, the tension between generic/personal content and its public/private use, the importance of participatory research approach to domestication, and the infrastructure-based prototype, illustrated by the DementiaWall and its generative quality.

Smart Donations: Event-Driven Conditional Donations Using Smart Contracts On The Blockchain

Abstract: Recent work has questioned the largely unconditional nature of charitable donations and explored the value of conditional giving with contemporary donors. In this paper, we extend this work by exploring how to operationalise features of conditionality in charitable giving, situated in the context of large international non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Building on prior engagements with international aid organisations, we present design considerations and a conceptual architecture supporting real-time, conditional giving for individual and institutional donations. Our architecture leverages properties of distributed-ledger technologies (DLT) to empower donors to (i) attach conditions to their donation, (ii) store funds in a secure, decentralised escrow and (iii) automatically release funds once conditions are met. Unlike prior work that envisions radical disintermediation and the removal of intermediate NGOs using DLT, our work recognises the expertise of NGOs in tackling complex global problems and instead investigates compelling new way for charities to increase transparency and accountability by introducing dynamic pledge controls.

IoT Maps: Charting the Internet of Things

Abstract: Internet of Things (IoT) devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in our everyday environments. While the number of devices and the degree of connectivity is growing, it is striking that as a society we are increasingly unaware of the locations and purposes of such devices. Indeed, much of the IoT technology being deployed is invisible and does not communicate its presence or purpose to the inhabitants of the spaces within which it is deployed. In this paper, we explore the potential benefits and challenges of constructing IoT maps that record the location of IoT devices. To illustrate the need for such maps, we draw on our experiences from multiple deployments of IoT systems.

Using Pervasive Displays to Aid Student Recall -Reflections on a Campus-Wide Trial

Abstract: University campuses are rapidly transitioning to environments that are rich in technology designed to support learning throughout the day and in diverse forms. Traditional lectures and seminars are supplemented with rich WiFi coverage, integrated learning environments, video lectures, public display networks and other innovations. Of these diverse technologies, the role and potential of public display networks in higher education is currently least understood. Indeed, most campus displays are merely used as means of information dissemination or as tools to support collaboration.In this paper, we explore the potential of pervasive display technologies as active contributors to university teaching and learning. We describe a real-world explorative study in which campus displays we used to stimulate student recall of lecture material. Our experiences demonstrate that public displays can be leveraged to provide prompts at opportune moments and invites further research in designing memory prompts to leverage the learning potential of pervasive displays in campus settings. The insights we garnered form a solid foundation and highlight opportunities and challenges in the field.

A Right Time to Give: Beyond Saving Time in Automated Conditional Donations

Abstract: Smart Donations is a blockchain-based platform that offers users ‘contracts’ that donate funds to certain causes in response to real-world events e.g., whenever an earthquake is detected or an activist tweets about refugees. We designed Smart donations with Oxfam Australia, trialled it for 8-weeks with 86 people, recorded platform analytics and qualitatively analysed questionnaires and interviews about user experiences. Temporal qualities emerge when automation enforces conditions that contributed to participants’ awareness of events that are usually unconscious, and senses of immediacy in contributing to crisis response and ongoing involvement in situations far-away while awaiting conditions to be met. We suggest data driven automation can reveal diverse temporal registers, in real-world phenomena, sociality, morality and everyday life, which contributes to experiencing a ‘right time’ to donate that is not limited to productivity or efficiency. Thus, we recommend a sensitivity to right time in designing for multiple temporalities in FinTech more generally.

Design from the everyday: continuously evolving, embedded exploratory prototypes

Abstract: One of the major challenges in the design of social technologies is the evaluation of their qualities of use and how they are appropriated over time While the field of HCI abounds in short-term exploratory design and studies of use, relatively little attention has focused on the continuous development of prototypes longitudinally and studies of their emergent use We ground the exploration and analysis of use in the everyday world, embracing contingency and open-ended use, through the use of a continuously-available exploratory prototype Through examining use longitudinally, clearer insight can be gained of realistic, non-novelty usage and appropriation into everyday use This paper sketches out a framework for design that puts a premium on immediate use and evolving the design in response to use and user feedback While such design practices with continuously developing systems are common in the design of social technologies, they are little documented We describe our approach and reflect upon its key characteristics, based on our experiences from two case studies We also present five major patterns of long-term usage which we found useful for design

Privacy-preserving Cross-domain Location Recommendation

Abstract: Cross-domain recommendation is a typical solution for data sparsity and cold start issue in the field of location recommendation. Specifically, data of an auxiliary domain is leveraged to improve the recommendation of the target domain. There is a typical scenario that two interaction domains (location based check-in service, for example) combine data to perform the cross-domain location recommendation task. Existing approaches are based on the assumption that the interaction data from the auxiliary domain can be directly shared across domains. However, such an assumption is not reasonable, since in the real world those domains may be operated by different companies. Therefore, directly sharing raw data may violate business privacy policy and increase the risk of privacy leakage since the user-location interaction records are very sensitive. In this paper, we propose a framework named privacy-preserving cross-domain location recommendation which works in two stages. First, for the interaction data from the auxiliary domain, we adopt a differential privacy based protection mechanism to hide the real locations of each user to meet the criterion of differential privacy. Then we share the protected user-location interaction to the target domain. Second, we develop a new method of Confidence-aware Collective Matrix Factorization (CCMF) to effectively exploit the transferred interaction data. To verify its efficacy, we collect two real-world datasets suitable for the task. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves the best performance compared with the state-of-the-art baseline methods. We further demonstrate that our method can alleviate the data sparsity issue significantly while protecting users' location privacy.

Raising Awareness of IoT Sensor Deployments

Abstract: The IoT is increasingly being used to support smart spaces and physical analytics and yet much of this smartness is made deliberately invisible to the user - echoing Weiser's vision of calm computing and technology that fades into the background. However, this means that users may not be aware or may not understand how the IoT is being deployed in their area. In other domains we know that a lack of awareness and a lack of understanding can lead to poor user experience and frustration, mistrust, suspicion, inability to capitalise on benefits and security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we present preliminary work that explores the issue of user awareness of IoT-based data collection.

Rethinking 'multi-user': an in-the-wild study of how groups approach a walk-up-and-use tabletop interface.

Abstract: Multi-touch tabletops have been much heralded as an innovative technology that can facilitate new ways of group working. However, there is little evidence of these materialising outside of research lab settings. We present the findings of a 5-week in-the-wild study examining how a shared planning application - designed to run on a walk-up-and-use tabletop - was used when placed in a tourist information centre. We describe how groups approached, congregated and interacted with it and the social interactions that took place - noting how they were quite different from research findings describing the ways groups work around a tabletop in lab settings. We discuss the implications of such situated group work for designing collaborative tabletop applications for use in public settings.

ManneqKit Cards: A Kinesthetic Empathic Design Tool Communicating Depression Experiences

Abstract: While depression is a mood disorder with significant societal impact, the experiences of people living with depression are yet not easy to access. HCI's tenet to understand users, particularly addressed by the empathic design approach, has prioritized verbal communication of such experiences. We introduce ManneqKit, a kinesthetic empathic design tool consisting of 15 cards with bodily postures and vignettes leveraging the nonverbal aspects of depression experiences. We report the co-design of ManneqKit with 10 therapists, its piloting with 4 therapists and 10 non-therapists, and evaluation through design workshops with 9 interaction designers and 3 therapists. Findings describe metaphorical descriptions of depression experiences and their postures, as well as cards' ability to elicit strong empathy. We discuss the value of these findings for interaction design in terms of novel empathic design tools capturing nonverbal qualities of lived experiences, support for richer understanding of vulnerable users experiencing depression, design ideation underpinned by ethical values, and the need to balance empathy with distancing for designers' wellbeing.