The Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) strategy envisages a world where models play a more direct role in software production, being amenable to manipulation and transformation by machine. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is wider in scope than MDA. MDE combines process and analysis with architecture. This article sets out a framework for model driven engineering, which can be used as a point of reference for activity in this area. It proposes an organisation of the modelling 'space' and how to locate models in that space. It discusses different kinds of mappings between models. It explains why process and architecture are tightly connected. It discusses the importance and nature of tools. It identifies the need for defining families of languages and transformations, and for developing techniques for generating/configuring tools from such definitions. It concludes with a call to align metamodelling with formal language engineering techniques.

Model Driven Engineering

A communication infrastructure is an essential part to the success of the emerging smart grid. A scalable and pervasive communication infrastructure is crucial in both construction and operation of a smart grid. In this paper, we present the background and motivation of communication infrastructures in smart grid systems. We also summarize major requirements that smart grid communications must meet. From the experience of several industrial trials on smart grid with communication infrastructures, we expect that the traditional carbon fuel based power plants can cooperate with emerging distributed renewable energy such as wind, solar, etc, to reduce the carbon fuel consumption and consequent green house gas such as carbon dioxide emission. The consumers can minimize their expense on energy by adjusting their intelligent home appliance operations to avoid the peak hours and utilize the renewable energy instead. We further explore the challenges for a communication infrastructure as the part of a complex smart grid system. Since a smart grid system might have over millions of consumers and devices, the demand of its reliability and security is extremely critical. Through a communication infrastructure, a smart grid can improve power reliability and quality to eliminate electricity blackout. Security is a challenging issue since the on-going smart grid systems facing increasing vulnerabilities as more and more automation, remote monitoring/controlling and supervision entities are interconnected.

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1315&context=electricalengineeringfacpub

A Survey on Smart Grid CommunicationInfrastructures: Motivations, Requirements andChallenges

Bubbles of Trust: A decentralized blockchain-based authentication system for IoT

Two decades ago successful transfection of antigen presenting cells (APC) in vivo was demonstrated which resulted in the induction of primary adaptive immune responses. Due to the good biocompatibility of plasmid DNA, their cost-efficient production and long shelf life, many researchers aimed to develop DNA vaccine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of infections and cancer, but also autoimmune diseases and allergies. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge on the course of action of DNA vaccines, and which factors are responsible for the poor immunogenicity in human so far. Important optimization steps that improve DNA transfection efficiency comprise the introduction of DNA-complexing nano-carriers aimed to prevent extracellular DNA degradation, enabling APC targeting, and enhanced endo/lysosomal escape of DNA. Attachment of virus-derived nuclear localization sequences facilitates nuclear entry of DNA. Improvements in DNA vaccine design include the use of APC-specific promotors for transcriptional targeting, the arrangement of multiple antigen sequences, the co-delivery of molecular adjuvants to prevent tolerance induction, and strategies to circumvent potential inhibitory effects of the vector backbone. Successful clinical use of DNA vaccines may require combined employment of all of these parameters, and combination treatment with additional drugs.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/11/3605/pdf

DNA Vaccines-How Far From Clinical Use?

Manufacturers are faced with many challenges, such as globalization, disparate enterprise systems and a lack of platform maturity. These will only multiply as technology advances, offshore manufacturing increases and new ways of working emerge. To overcome these challenges, many manufacturers have embraced product lifecycle management (PLM) or have expanded the use of PLM processes and tools to manage product data effi ciently, with increased visibility and control over the life cycle of the product.

/pdf/product-lifecycle-management-4mlr7de931.pdf

Product lifecycle management

The unprecedented growth of today’s cities together with increased population mobility are fueling the avalanche in the numbers of vehicles on the roads. This development led to the new challenges for the traffic management, including the mitigation of road congestion, accidents, and air pollution. Over the last decade, researchers have been focusing their efforts on leveraging the recent advances in sensing, communications, and dynamic adaptive technologies to prepare the deployed road traffic management systems (TMS) for resolving these important challenges in future smart cities. However, the existing solutions may still be insufficient to construct a reliable and secure TMS that is capable of handling the anticipated influx of the population and vehicles in urban areas. Along these lines, this work systematically outlines a perspective on a novel modular environment for traffic modeling, which allows to recreate the examined road networks in their full resemblance. Our developed solution is targeted to incorporate the progress in the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where low-power, embedded devices integrate as part of a next-generation TMS. To mimic the real traffic conditions, we recreated and evaluated a practical traffic scenario built after a complex road intersection within a large European city.

A Harmonized Perspective on Transportation Management in Smart Cities: The Novel IoT-Driven Environment for Road Traffic Modeling

The Internet of Things (IoT), as expected infrastructure for envisioned concept of Smart City, brings new possibilities for the city management. IoT vision introduces promising and economical solutions for massive data collection and its analysis which can be applied in many domains and so make them operating more efficiently. In this paper, we are discussing one of the most challenging issues — municipal waste-collection within the Smart City. To optimize the logistic procedure of waste collection, we use own genetic algorithm implementation. The presented solution provides calculation of more efficient garbage-truck routes. As an output, we provide a set of simulations focused on mentioned area. All our algorithms are implemented within the integrated simulation framework which is developed as an open source solution with respect to future modifications.

Using genetic algorithm for advanced municipal waste collection in Smart City

Narrowband Power Line Communication for Smart Metering and Street Lighting Control

The paper deals with simulations of power line channel transfer functions in Network Simulator version 3. Firstly, an empirical model and calculation of the channel transfer function a ...

Analysis of Channel Transfer Functions in Power Line Communication System for Smart Metering and Home Area Network

Nowadays, the security, safety and performance became a crucial part of the product life cycle (PLC) in which the requirements for these parameters are continuously growing. Therefore, it is a very challenging task to provide an efficient, well-balanced solution with fulfilling all these requirements. We are focused on the relations between security, safety and performance. This paper contains early-stage results and provides a summary of security requirements based on the selected current standards and recommendations such as IEC 62443 or NIST 800–57, and our best practices. Moreover, we introduce the relations between security and performance based on established requirements. We also provide examples of security impact on performance with using open data measurements. Last but not least, the results of this article might be used in the PLC, i.e., co-engineering, future system development or research on multiparametric methods.

Petr Mlynek

Papers

A Harmonized Perspective on Transportation Management in Smart Cities: The Novel IoT-Driven Environment for Road Traffic Modeling

Using genetic algorithm for advanced municipal waste collection in Smart City

Narrowband Power Line Communication for Smart Metering and Street Lighting Control

Analysis of Channel Transfer Functions in Power Line Communication System for Smart Metering and Home Area Network

Seeking the Relation Between Performance and Security in Modern Systems: Metrics and Measures