Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between Inflation and Growth

We test the hypotheses that subsidies on hybrid seed change maize production, total household income, the severity of poverty, and relative deprivation among smallholder maize growers in Zambia. The analysis contributes to the literature by measuring the quantitative effects of seed (as compared to fertilizer) subsidies on indicators of household well-being rather than input demand. We apply a combination of econometric approaches to a nationally representative, balanced panel of smallholder maize-growing households, and invoke the chain rule to generate quantitative estimates of impacts per kg of subsidized seed. Our findings demonstrate that in the initial years of the program, subsidized seed enhanced the well-being of smallholder maize growers according to each indicator, but by small magnitudes. Simple calculations suggest high private and social benefit-cost ratios when benefits are measured in terms of household income, although magnitudes are sensitive to seed price and administrative costs.

Impacts of subsidized hybrid seed on indicators of economic well-being among smallholder maize growers in Zambia

Introduction To limit the spread of disease during the early containment phase of an influenza pandemic response, WHO recommends the use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), including public education, social distancing, home quarantine and travel restrictions (1) These control measures are reflected in the Australian Health Management Plan for Pandemic Influenza (2) However, compliance with this approach is dependent on community understanding of the required control measures and their value in disease mitigation (3) Historical records show that if NPIs are promptly implemented during pandemics, disease transmission can be reduced, (4-7) an observation supported by mathematical modelling (8) This study examines the Australian public's understanding of pandemic influenza, its expressed willingness to comply with public health containment measures, and factors influencing compliance Methods Study participants and study protocol A cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone interview survey of a representative sample of Australians aged 18 years and over was conducted in June 2007 The latest Australian telephone database available electronically, the 2002 Electronic White Pages, was used to provide sample proportions for all states and territories By using a random number generator, a corresponding sample of names, addresses and telephone numbers was drawn from the 2007 printed telephone directories according to telephone exchange regions An introductory letter was dispatched to all households a week before telephone contact was made Experienced telephone interviewers made calls between 09:00 and 20:00 local time, with up to seven contact attempts made for each randomly-selected telephone number The adult household member whose birthday was closest to the interview date was invited to participate Those eligible were people 18 years or older who provided verbal consent and could converse in English Sample size was calculated for an [alpha] of 005 and a power (1 - [beta]) of 080 using prevalence information from a comparable study in the United States of America (USA) (9) We estimated that approximately 1200 respondents would be required to provide statistically sound estimates at the national level Interview questions covered five principal areas: demographics and household circumstances, knowledge about pandemic influenza, expressed willingness to comply with containment measures, barriers to compliance with containment measures, and the preferred method for receiving health communication In this report, the exact questionnaire wording is recorded in italics From a total of 2201 telephone contacts, there emerged 1166 successful interviews; 846 refusals (279 gave no reason, 248 stated no interest, 115 householders did not pass the call through to the eligible person, 58 indicated being too busy, 53 felt too ill, 93 gave miscellaneous reasons) and 189 cases of ineligibility (reasons recorded for 159: 111 were non-English speaking, 24 were at business numbers, 15 had an illness that limited comprehension and 9 had hearing difficulties) This resulted in a participation rate of 580% Interview procedure Participants were asked if they understood the term "pandemic influenza" Those that answered in the affirmative were then asked four questions, each with two possible reply options Following this, to ensure that all respondents were able to answer the remaining questions regardless of their knowledge of influenza, everyone was informed that "pandemic influenza is a disease that is spread between people" The compliance questions were asked early in the interview and repeated towards the end after the following information was provided: "We are talking about an entirely new type of influenza virus that spreads easily from person to person No one would have natural immunity to it and every age group could be affected …

Knowledge about Pandemic Influenza and Compliance with Containment Measures among Australians/Connaissances Sur la Grippe Pandemique et Observance Des Mesures D'endiguement Par Les Australiens/Conocimientos Sobre la Gripe Pandemica Y Cumplimiento De Las Medidas De Contencion En la Poblacion Australiana

Smallholder farmers’ adaptation to climate change and its potential contribution to UN’s sustainable development goals of zero hunger and no poverty

(2021) used the Kano model to study the university students' health information service needs from the academic libraries in China, providing some suggestions for health information, especially in the post-COVID-19 age. 2. (2022) experimented with 36 students to examine the influence of prior attitude, perceived health threat level, and information limit on their selective exposure to and recall of COVID-19 vaccination information. [...]their perceived health threat level would also affect a person to recall of the information viewed. [...]they suggested vaccination campaigns should focus on reaching people with a negative attitude. (2021) selected the enumeration data of the early COVID-19 theme papers spread on social media networks as the research object and explored the law and characteristics of the spread of scientific papers on social media platforms.

Guest editorial: COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Informatics Part 2

This paper aims to determine a threshold level in the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Vietnam. Our paper is considered as one of the first empirical studies on inflation threshold in Vietnam - a country in transition from a communist centrally-planned to a market economy. The research applied three regression methods including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Two-Stages Least Squares (2-SLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) with annual data for the period of 1986 - 2013. The results consistently concluded that the inflation threshold is about 7 percent, which means inflation will be detrimental to economic growth if inflation rate exceeds 7 percent. Therefore, the policy-makers in Vietnam need to define a target inflation rate lower than this level to stabilize economic growth. The results also indicated that the Government should increase investment as well as enhance the effectiveness of investment to foster economic growth. Finally, Vietnam should stabilize trade balance to favor economic growth in long term.

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Threshold in the Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam

How off‐farm employment can enhance welfare in terms of food consumption and poverty alleviation is a critical question facing many developing countries This study addressed that question by pursuing two objectives: (i) to quantify the impact of off‐farm employment on rural households’ welfare, food security and poverty; and (ii) to examine the factors that affect their decision to work off‐farm Using panel data, we estimated a difference‐in‐difference combined with a propensity score matching model The findings show that off‐farm employment improves income, ensures food security and contributes to poverty alleviation The results also show that age, marital status, education, labour, financial capital, land, location, market access and losses from natural disasters are significant contributing factors to the decision to participate in off‐farm employment The findings suggest that to improve the welfare of rural households, the Vietnamese government should proceed with policies that enhance their opportunities for participation in off‐farm employment

Impacts of off-farm employment on welfare, food security and poverty: Evidence from rural Vietnam

Impact of microcredit on rural household welfare and economic growth in Vietnam

Adoption and effects of modern rice varieties in Vietnam: Micro-econometric analysis of household surveys

This study evaluates the impact of microcredit on the welfare of the rural households in Vietnam, especially the poor, and investigates the determinants on the accessibility to microcredit programs. Propensity score matching (PSM) method and difference in difference (DID) method are employed to evaluate the impact. The results show that microcredit improves living standard of the rural households via increasing their income and consumption. However, for case of the rural poor, microcredit is found to only improve their consumption but there is no evidence about its impact on their income. This study also found that microcredit programs may not serve the poor households. Such indicators as age, education level, leadership status of household head, household size, dependency ratio, house value, geographic location, facilities of communes are proved to affect the probability of participating in microcredit programs.

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Pham Tien Thanh

Papers

Threshold in the Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam

Impacts of off-farm employment on welfare, food security and poverty: Evidence from rural Vietnam

Impact of microcredit on rural household welfare and economic growth in Vietnam

Adoption and effects of modern rice varieties in Vietnam: Micro-econometric analysis of household surveys

Impact Evaluation of Microcredit on Welfare of the Vietnamese Rural Households