Showing papers by "Philip M. Podsakoff published in 2011"

Construct Measurement and Validation Procedures in MIS and Behavioral Research: Integrating New and Existing Techniques

Abstract: Despite the fact that validating the measures of constructs is critical to building cumulative knowledge in MIS and the behavioral sciences, the process of scale development and validation continues to be a challenging activity. Undoubtedly, part of the problem is that many of the scale development procedures advocated in the literature are limited by the fact that they: (a) fail to adequately discuss how to develop appropriate conceptual definitions of the focal construct; (b) often fail to properly specify the measurement model that relates the latent construct to its indicators; and (c) underutilize techniques that provide evidence that the set of items used to represent the focal construct actually measures what it purports to measure. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to integrate new and existing techniques into a comprehensive set of recommendations that can be used to give researchers in MIS and the behavioral sciences a framework for developing valid measures. First, we briefly elaborate upon some of the limitations of current scale development practices. Following this, we discuss each of the steps in the scale development process while paying particular attention to the differences that are required when one is attempting to develop scales for constructs with formative indicators as opposed to constructs with reflective indicators. Finally, we discuss several things that should be done after the initial development of a scale to examine its generalizability and to enhance its usefulness.

Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS and behavioral research: integrating new and existing techniques

Abstract: Despite the fact that validating the measures of constructs is critical to building cumulative knowledge in MIS and the behavioral sciences, the process of scale development and validation continues to be a challenging activity Undoubtedly, part of the problem is that many of the scale development procedures advocated in the literature are limited by the fact that they (1) fail to adequately discuss how to develop appropriate conceptual definitions of the focal construct, (2) often fail to properly specify the measurement model that relates the latent construct to its indicators, and (3) underutilize techniques that provide evidence that the set of items used to represent the focal construct actually measures what it purports to measure Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to integrate new and existing techniques into a comprehensive set of recommendations that can be used to give researchers in MIS and the behavioral sciences a framework for developing valid measures First, we briefly elaborate upon some of the limitations of current scale development practices Following this, we discuss each of the steps in the scale development process while paying particular attention to the differences that are required when one is attempting to develop scales for constructs with formative indicators as opposed to constructs with reflective indicators Finally, we discuss several things that should be done after the initial development of a scale to examine its generalizability and to enhance its usefulness

Challenge‐oriented organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational effectiveness: do challenge‐oriented behaviors really have an impact on the organization's bottom line?

Abstract: Virtually all of the studies that have examined the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and unit or organizational effectiveness have focused on affiliation-oriented as opposed to challenge-oriented forms of OCB, and no study has examined the mechanisms through which OCBs influence unit or organizational effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the main and interactive effects that challenge-oriented and affiliation-oriented OCBs have on organizational effectiveness through their impact on workgroup task performance. Results from a sample of 150 limited-menu restaurants showed that the relationship between challenge-oriented OCBs and workgroup task performance has an inverted-U shape and is moderated by affiliation-oriented OCBs, and that workgroup task performance completely mediated the impact of challenge- and affiliation-oriented OCBs (and their interaction) on organizational outcomes (i.e., sales dollars, profit as a percentage of sales, and employee turnover). Specifically, the findings showed that challenge-oriented OCBs have a positive impact on workgroup task performance up to a point, and beyond that point only when certain enabling conditions (i.e., high levels of affiliation-oriented OCBs) are present. Implications are discussed.

Effects of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Selection Decisions in Employment Interviews

Abstract: This article reports on an experiment examining the effects of job candidates' propensity to exhibit organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) on selection decisions made in the context of a job interview. We developed videos that manipulated candidate responses to interview questions tapping task performance and citizenship behavior content in 2 administrative positions. Results obtained from 480 undergraduates provided support for our hypotheses that job candidates who exhibited higher levels of helping, voice, and loyalty behaviors were generally rated as more competent, received higher overall evaluations, and received higher salary recommendations than job candidates who exhibited lower levels of these behaviors. These effects held even after taking into account candidate responses regarding task performance. We also found that candidate responses to OCB-related questions tended to have a greater effect on selection decisions for the higher level position (supervisor of administrative personnel) than for the lower level one (administrative assistant). Finally, content analyses of open-ended responses indicated that participants' selection decisions were particularly sensitive to candidates who exhibited low levels of voice and helping behaviors. Implications and future research are discussed.

Effects of theoretical contribution, methodological rigor, and journal quality, on the impact of scale development articles in the field of entrepreneurship

Abstract: Despite the widespread belief that empirical studies that are firmly grounded in theory and use valid measures of their focal constructs are more critical to the advancement of science than studies that do not possess these attributes, it is only recently that this belief has begun to be empirically tested. Unfortunately, most of the tests that have been conducted have some limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the effects that an article's theoretical contribution, the rigor of its scale validation procedures, and the quality of the journal in which it is published have on its impact in the field of entrepreneurship. Using expectancy theory as a conceptual framework, we develop and test our hypotheses in a sample of 88 entrepreneurship articles that reported scale development and validation evidence. Our hypotheses were supported in that the results showed that an article's theoretical contribution, methodological rigor, and journal quality significantly predicted the number of citations the article received, even after controlling for article age- and author-related variables. When taken together, the article characteristics and control variables accounted for 66 percent of the variance in article citations. Implications of these findings for researchers in the field of entrepreneurship are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Strategic Management Society.