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Philip O. Hopkins

Bio: Philip O. Hopkins is an academic researcher from International University, Cambodia. The author has contributed to research in topics: Asian studies & Poetry. The author has an hindex of 4, co-authored 5 publications receiving 58 citations. Previous affiliations of Philip O. Hopkins include Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
Topics: Asian studies, Poetry, Persian, Middle East, Islam

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the phase transitions among the solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of water, this article showed a profound demonstration of how properties at the molecular scale dictate the behavior of the bulk material.
Abstract: In the phase transitions among the solid, liquid, and gaseous forms of water, we see a profound demonstration of how properties at the molecular scale dictate the behavior of the bulk material. As ice is heated beyond its melting point, new avenues for molecular motion become open to the energy being added. Upon entering the gas phase, the water molecules can explore new territory, unavailable to the liquid or solid. These transformations can be seen as a shifting balance between the forces that bind the molecules and the thermal energy that excites these motions--a window through thermodynamics on the intricate mechanisms that drive chemistry.

5 citations


Cited by
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Book
Stuart Elden1
28 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the relation between terrorist training camps and the absence of sovereign power over territory in particular places is examined through a broadening of Agamben's notion of a "space of exception" and the portrayal of al-Qaeda and militant Islam more generally as a deterritorialised organisation is interrogated.
Abstract: While geographical aspects of the “war on terror” have received extensive discussion, the specifically territorial aspects have been less well explored. This article engages with the relation between territory and terror through three main angles. First, the relation between terrorist training camps and the absence of sovereign power over territory in particular places is examined through a broadening of Agamben's notion of a “space of exception”. Second, the portrayal of al-Qaeda and militant Islam more generally as a deterritorialised organisation is interrogated, noting the territorial aspects of its operations. Third, the territorial responses are studied, particularly looking at the way the international legal term of territorial integrity, with its dual meanings of territorial preservation and territorial sovereignty is under increased threat. This is illustrated with a study of Afghanistan and Iraq and particularly through an analysis of the 2006 war in Lebanon.

106 citations

Dissertation
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical analysis of socio-economic underdevelopment in Iran in the modern era is presented, based on the Foucault's conceived relation between the production of truth and production of wealth.
Abstract: This study entails a theoretical reading of the Iranian modern history and follows an interdisciplinary agenda at the intersection of philosophy, economics, and politics and intends to offer a novel framework for the analysis of socio-economic underdevelopment in Iran in the modern era. A brief review of Iranian modern history from the constitutional revolution, to the oil nationalization movement, the 1979 Islamic Revolution, and the recent Reformist and Green movements demonstrates that Iranian people travelled full circle. This historical experience of socio-economic underdevelopment revolving around the bitter question of “why are we backward?” and its manifestation in perpetual socio-political instability and violence is the subject matter of this study. Foucault’s conceived relation between the production of truth and production of wealth captures the essence of hypothesis offered in this study. Michel Foucault (1980: 93-4) maintains that “In the last analysis, we must produce truth as we must produce wealth, indeed we must produce truth in order to produce wealth in the first place”. Based on a hybrid methodology combining hermeneutics of understanding and hermeneutics of suspicion, this study proposes that the failure to produce wealth has had particular roots in the failure in the production of truth. At the heart of the proposed theoretical model is the following formula: The Iranian dasein’s confused preference structure culminates in the formation of unstable coalitions which in turn leads to institutional failure, creating a chaotic social order and a turbulent history as experienced by the Iranian nation in the modern era. The following set of interrelated propositions elaborate further on the core formula of the model: Each and every Iranian person and her subjectivity and preference structure is the site of three distinct warring regimes of truth and identity choice sets (identity markers) related to the ancient Persian empire (Persianism), Islam, and modernity. These three historical a priori and regimes of truth act as conditions of possibility for social interactions, and are unities in multiplicities. They, in their perpetual state of tension and conflict, constitute the mutually exclusive, contradictory, and confused dimensions of the prism of the Iranian dasein. The confused preference structure prevents Iranian people from organizing themselves in stable coalitions required for collective action to achieve the desired socio-economic change. The complex interplay between the state of inbetweenness and the state of belatedness makes it impossible to form stable coalitions in any areas of life, work, and language to achieve the desired social transformations, turning Iran into a country of unstable coalitions and alliances in macro, meso and micro levels. This in turn leads to failure in the construction of stable institutions (a social order based on rule of law or any other stable institutional structure becomes impossible) due to perpetual tension between alternative regimes of truth manifested in warring discursive formations, relations of power, and techniques of subjectification and their associated economies of affectivity. This in turn culminates in relations of power in all micro, meso, and macro levels to become discretionary, atomic, and unpredictable, producing perpetual tensions and social violence in almost all sites of social interactions, and generating small and large social earthquakes (crises, movements, and revolutions) as experienced by the Iranian people in their modern history. As such, the society oscillates between the chaotic states of socio-political anarchy emanating from irreconcilable differences between and within social assemblages and their affiliated hybrid forms of regimes of truth in the springs of freedom and repressive states of order in the winters of discontent. Each time, after the experience of chaos, the order is restored based on the emergence of a final arbiter (Iranian leviathan) as the evolved coping strategy for achieving conflict resolution. This highly volatile truth cycle produces the experience of socio-economic backwardness. The explanatory power of the theoretical framework offered in the study exploring the relation between the production of truth, trust and wealth is tested on three strong events of Iranian modern history: the Constitutional Revolution, the Oil-Nationalization Movement and the Islamic Revolution. The significant policy implications of the model are explored.

52 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Compared with their male counterparts, female terrorists were equivalent in age, immigration profile, and role played in terrorism, but they were more likely to have a higher education attainment, less likely to be employed, and less likelyto have prior activist connections.
Abstract: The authors examined the backgrounds and social experiences of female terrorists to test conflicting accounts of the etiology of this offending group. Data on 222 female terrorists and 269 male terrorists were examined across 8 variables: age at first involvement, educational achievement, employment status, immigration status, marital status, religious conversion, criminal activity, and activist connections. The majority of female terrorists were found to be single, young (<35 years old), native, employed, educated to at least secondary level, and rarely involved in criminality. Compared with their male counterparts, female terrorists were equivalent in age, immigration profile, and role played in terrorism, but they were more likely to have a higher education attainment, less likely to be employed, and less likely to have prior activist connections. The results clarify the myths and realities of female-perpetrated terrorism and suggest that the risk factors associated with female involvement are distinct from those associated with male involvement.

50 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2013
TL;DR: For example, this article pointed out that the repeated returns to certain aspects of Oedipus or Antigone have contributed to a structured silence around the issue of class relations.
Abstract: The study of the ancient world has often come under scrutiny for its questionable ‘relevance’ to modern society, but Greek tragedy has proven rather resilient. From tragedy's perceived value in articulating an incomplete but idealised state of political and ethical being in Hegel to its role in thinking through the modern construction of politics and gender (often through a re-reading of Hegel), tragedy has loomed large in modern critical inquiry into definitions of the political and the formation of the subject.’ This is another way of saying that the richly textured tragic text has in some respects laid the foundation for subsequent theorising of the political subject. Given the importance placed on such figures as Sophocles’ Oedipus and Antigone starting with Schelling and Hegel, it is perhaps not surprising that recent work in critical theory has tended to recast these particular tragic figures in its critique of Enlightenment thought. Nonetheless, there are problems with the adoption of these figures as paradigms through which tragedy becomes a tool to represent the ancient Greek polis and to work through modern political and ethical problems. The repeated returns to certain aspects of Oedipus or Antigone have contributed to a structured silence around the issue of class relations. Along with the increasingly dominant role of neoliberalism and the continuing importance of identity politics, much recent critical theory has contributed to the occlusion of class and labour from public discourse and academic research. In such a climate, it is no wonder that historical materialism rarely figures in academic works. I wonder whether another narrative is possible through the study of Greek tragedy.

46 citations

Book
18 May 2016
TL;DR: A comprehensive examination of the organization, territorial designs, management, personnel policies, and finances of al-Qaida in Iraq (AQI) and Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) is presented in this paper.
Abstract: : The group calling itself the Islamic State, which is based primarily in Iraq and Syria, presents a grave threat to the people and countries throughout the Middle East and a growing threat to nations outside that region. Despite the apparent surprise of the groups stunning takeover of Mosul, Iraqs second-largest city, in June 2014, the Islamic State is not new. Rather, the Islamic State is the successor of al-Qaida in Iraq (AQI) and the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), which the United States, coalition partners, the government of Iraq, and the people of Iraq have fought since the coalition invasion of Iraq. This report examines foundations of the Islamic State. Research was substantially completed in 2014, with selected updates in 2015.The report presents a comprehensive examination of the organization, territorial designs, management, personnel policies, and finances of AQI and ISI. The report draws from an examination of more than 140recently declassified ISI documents, which are now available in their original and translated forms on the website of the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC) at West Point (www.ctc.usma.edu/isil-resources).The report also presents recommendations applicable to countering the Islamic State.

38 citations