This important text and reference for researchers and students in machine learning, game theory, statistics and information theory offers a comprehensive treatment of the problem of predicting individual sequences. Unlike standard statistical approaches to forecasting, prediction of individual sequences does not impose any probabilistic assumption on the data-generating mechanism. Yet, prediction algorithms can be constructed that work well for all possible sequences, in the sense that their performance is always nearly as good as the best forecasting strategy in a given reference class. The central theme is the model of prediction using expert advice, a general framework within which many related problems can be cast and discussed. Repeated game playing, adaptive data compression, sequential investment in the stock market, sequential pattern analysis, and several other problems are viewed as instances of the experts' framework and analyzed from a common nonstochastic standpoint that often reveals new and intriguing connections.

/pdf/prediction-learning-and-games-31z1lqjpec.pdf

Prediction, learning, and games

Merging fundamental concepts of analysis and recursion theory to a new exciting theory, this book provides a solid fundament for studying various aspects of computability and complexity in analysis. It is the result of an introductory course given for several years and is written in a style suitable for graduate-level and senior students in computer science and mathematics. Many examples illustrate the new concepts while numerous exercises of varying difficulty extend the material and stimulate readers to work actively on the text.

Computable Analysis : An Introduction

This handbook with exercises reveals in formalisms, hitherto mainly used for hardware and software design and verification, unexpected mathematical beauty. The lambda calculus forms a prototype universal programming language, which in its untyped version is related to Lisp, and was treated in the first author's classic The Lambda Calculus (1984). The formalism has since been extended with types and used in functional programming (Haskell, Clean) and proof assistants (Coq, Isabelle, HOL), used in designing and verifying IT products and mathematical proofs. In this book, the authors focus on three classes of typing for lambda terms: simple types, recursive types and intersection types. It is in these three formalisms of terms and types that the unexpected mathematical beauty is revealed. The treatment is authoritative and comprehensive, complemented by an exhaustive bibliography, and numerous exercises are provided to deepen the readers' understanding and increase their confidence using types.

http://types10.mimuw.edu.pl/content/slides/day1/HenkBarendregt.pdf

Lambda Calculus with Types

The interplay between computability and randomness has been an active area of research in recent years, reflected by ample funding in the USA, numerous workshops, and publications on the subject. The complexity and the randomness aspect of a set of natural numbers are closely related. Traditionally, computability theory is concerned with the complexity aspect. However, computability theoretic tools can also be used to introduce mathematical counterparts for the intuitive notion of randomness of a set. Recent research shows that, conversely, concepts and methods originating from randomness enrich computability theory. Covering the basics as well as recent research results, this book provides a very readable introduction to the exciting interface of computability and randomness for graduates and researchers in computability theory, theoretical computer science, and measure theory.

Computability and randomness

We study definability and complexity issues for automatic and /spl omega/-automatic structures. These are, in general, infinite structures but they can be finitely presented by a collection of automata. Moreover they admit effective (in fact automatic) evaluation of all first-order queries. Therefore, automatic structures provide an interesting framework for extending many algorithmic and logical methods from finite structures to infinite ones. We explain the notion of (/spl omega/-)automatic structures, give examples, and discuss the relationship to automatic groups. We determine the complexity of model checking and query evaluation on automatic structures for fragments of first-order logic. Further we study closure properties and definability issues on automatic structures and present a technique for proving that a structure is not automatic. We give model-theoretic characterisations for automatic structures via interpretations. Finally we discuss the composition theory of automatic structures and prove that they are closed under finitary Feferman-Vaught-like products.

Automatic structures

Preface. Introduction. Theories of Recursive functions. Hierarchies of recursive functions. Recursively enumerable sets. Recursively enumerable degrees. Limit sets. Arithmetical sets. Arithmetical degrees. Enumeration degrees. Bibliography. Notation index. Subject index.

Classical recursion theory

Logic and computer science

This multifaceted collection of essays, reminiscences and professional papers combine to create a tribute to Georg Kreisel, the influential logician and mathematical philosopher. The book aims to communicate to a wider circle his personal and intellectual influence. The contributors include Verena Huber-Dyson, Sol Feferman and Francis Crick.

Kreiseliana: About and Around Georg Kreisel

Recursiveness and Computability. Induction. Systems of Equations. Arithmetical Formal Systems. Turing Machines. Flowcharts. Functions as Rules. Arithmetization. Church's Thesis. Basic Recursion Theory. Partial Recursive Functions. Diagonalization. Partial Recursive Functionals. Effective Operations. Indices and Enumerations. Retraceable and Regressive Sets. Post's Problem and Strong Reducibilities. Post's Problem. Simple Sets and Many-One Degrees. Hypersimple Sets and Truth-Table Degrees. Hyperhypersimple Sets and Q-Degrees. A Solution to Post's Problem. Creative Sets and Completeness. Recursive Isomorphism Types. Variations of Truth-Table Reducibility. The World of Complete Sets. Formal Systems and R.E. Sets. Hierarchies and Weak Reducibilities. The Arithmetical Hierarchy. The Analytical Hierarchy. The Set-Theoretical Hierarchy. The Constructible Hierarchy. Turing Degrees. The Language of Degree Theory. The Finite Extension Method. Baire Category. The Coinfinite Extension Method. The Tree Method. Initial Segments. Global Properties. Degree Theory with Jump. Many-One and Other Degrees. Distributivity. Countable Initial Segments. Uncountable Initial Segments. Global Properties. Comparison of Degree Theories. Structure Inside Degrees. Bibliography. Index.

Piergiorgio Odifreddi

Papers

Classical recursion theory

Logic and computer science

Kreiseliana: About and Around Georg Kreisel

The theory of functions and sets of natural numbers

The mathematical century : the 30 greatest problems of the last 100 years