This chapter reviews recent theoretical work on the design of regulatory policy, focusing on the complications that arise when regulated suppliers have better information about the regulated industry than do regulators. The discussion begins by characterizing the optimal regulation of a monopoly supplier that is better informed than the regulator about its production cost and/or consumer demand for its product. Both adverse selection (“hidden information”) and moral hazard (“hidden action”) complications are considered, as are the additional concerns that arise when the regulator's intertemporal commitment powers are limited. The chapter then analyzes the design of practical policies, such as price cap regulation, that are often observed in practice. The design of regulatory policy in the presence of limited competitive forces also is reviewed. Yardstick regulation, procedures for awarding monopoly franchises, and optimal industry structuring are analyzed. The chapter also analyzes the optimal pricing of access to bottleneck production facilities in vertically-related industries, stressing the complications that arise when the owner of the bottleneck facility also operates as a retail producer.

/pdf/recent-developments-in-the-theory-of-regulation-2l0omocg1n.pdf

Recent developments in the theory of regulation

Broadband investment and regulation: A literature review

In many countries throughout the world, regulators are struggling to determine whether and how to introduce competition into regulated industries. This essay examines the complexities involved in the liberalization process. While stressing the importance of case-specific analyses, this essay distinguishes liberalization policies that generally are pro-competitive from corresponding anti-competitive liberalization policies

Regulation, Competition and Liberalization

In many countries throughout the world, regulators are struggling to determine whether and how to introduce competition into regulated industries. This essay examines the complexities involved in the liberalization process. While stressing the importance of case-specific analyses, this essay distinguishes liberalization policies that generally are procompetitive from corresponding anticompetitive liberalization policies.

/pdf/regulation-competition-and-liberalization-45g7mwbtlx.pdf

Regulation, Competition, and Liberalization

Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach

https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/5098425/RWP11-029_Dogan.pdf?sequence=1

Access Pricing, Competition, and Incentives to Migrate From "Old" to "New" Technology

We present a universal approach for determining the spontaneous polarization ${P}_{\mathrm{sp}}$ of a wurtzite semiconductor from the emission energies of excitons bound to the different types of stacking faults in these crystals. Employing microphotoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, we observe emission lines from the intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults in strain-free GaN microcrystals. By treating the polarization sheet charges associated with these stacking faults as a plate capacitor, ${P}_{\mathrm{sp}}$ can be obtained from the observed transition energies with no additional assumptions. Self-consistent Poisson-Schr\"odinger calculations, aided by the microscopic electrostatic potential computed using density-functional theory, lead to nearly identical values for ${P}_{\mathrm{sp}}$. Our recommended value for ${P}_{\mathrm{sp}}$ of GaN is $\ensuremath{-}0.022\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.007$ C/m${}^{2}$.

Direct experimental determination of the spontaneous polarization of GaN

Basal-plane stacking faults are an important class of optically active structural defects in wurtzite semiconductors. The local deviation from the 2H stacking of the wurtzite matrix to a 3C zinc-blende stacking induces a bound state in the gap of the host crystal, resulting in the localization of excitons. Due to the two-dimensional nature of these planar defects, stacking faults act as quantum wells, giving rise to radiative transitions of excitons with characteristic energies. Luminescence spectroscopy is thus capable of detecting even a single stacking fault in an otherwise perfect wurtzite crystal. This review draws a comprehensive picture of the luminescence properties related to stacking faults in GaN. The emission energies associated with different types of stacking faults as well as factors that can shift these energies are discussed. In this context, the importance of the quantum-confined Stark effect in these zinc-blende/wurtzite heterostructures, which results from the spontaneous polarization of wurtzite GaN, is underlined. This discussion is extended to zinc-blende segments in a wurtzite matrix. Furthermore, other factors affecting the emission energy and linewidth of stacking fault-related peaks as well as results obtained at room temperature are addressed. The considerations presented in this article should be transferable also to other wurtzite semiconductors.

Luminescence associated with stacking faults in GaN

This paper aims to introduce issues that relate regulation and innovation in the telecommunications industry. We try to address the following question: which types of regulatory schemes are likely to promote innovation in a fast-growing telecommunications industry? Section 2 analyses ex ante control by sector-specific regulation and ex post control by competition policies. Section 3 deals with the importance of compatibility hence regulation of standards in the telecommunications industry. Section 4 discusses the major issues pertaining to the relation between innovation and pricing on the one hand, and innovation and unbundling on the other. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Pinar Dogan

Papers

Access Pricing, Competition, and Incentives to Migrate From "Old" to "New" Technology

Direct experimental determination of the spontaneous polarization of GaN

Luminescence associated with stacking faults in GaN

Regulation and innovation in the telecommunications industry

Regulation and innovation in the telecommunications industry