HELIOS-CR is a user-oriented 1D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code to simulate the dynamic evolution of laser-produced plasmas and z-pinch plasmas. It includes an in-line collisional-radiative (CR) model for computing non-LTE atomic level populations at each time step of the hydrodynamics simulation. HELIOS-CR has been designed for ease of use, and is well-suited for experimentalists, as well as graduate and undergraduate student researchers. The energy equations employed include models for laser energy deposition, radiation from external sources, and high-current discharges. Radiative transport can be calculated using either a multi-frequency flux-limited diffusion model, or a multi-frequency, multi-angle short characteristics model. HELIOS-CR supports the use of SESAME equation of state (EOS) tables, PROPACEOS EOS/multi-group opacity data tables, and non-LTE plasma properties computed using the inline CR modeling. Time-, space-, and frequency-dependent results from HELIOS-CR calculations are readily displayed with the HydroPLOT graphics tool. In addition, the results of HELIOS simulations can be post-processed using the SPECT3D Imaging and Spectral Analysis Suite to generate images and spectra that can be directly compared with experimental measurements. The HELIOS-CR package runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OSX platforms, and includes online documentation. We will discuss the major features of HELIOS-CR, and present example results from simulations.

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HELIOS-CR – A 1-D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code with inline atomic kinetics modeling

http://www.prism-cs.com/Software/Spect3D/SPECT3D_RPHDMpaper_2007.pdf

SPECT3D - A Multi-Dimensional Collisional-Radiative Code for Generating Diagnostic Signatures Based on Hydrodynamics and PIC Simulation Output

Converging plasma jets may be able to reach the regime of high energy density plasmas (HEDP). The successful application of plasma jets to magneto-inertial fusion (MIF) would heat the plasma by fusion products and should increase the plasma energy density. This paper reports the results of using the University of Wisconsin’s 1-D Lagrangian, radiation-hydrodynamics, fusion code BUCKY to investigate two MIF converging plasma jet test cases originally analyzed by Samulyak et al. [Physics of Plasmas 17, 092702 (2010)]. In these cases, 15 cm or 5 cm radially thick deuterium-tritium (DT) plasma jets merge at 60 cm from the origin and converge radially onto a DT target magnetized to 2 T and of radius 5 cm. The BUCKY calculations reported here model these cases, starting from the time of initial contact of the jets and target. Compared to the one-temperature Samulyak et al. calculations, the one-temperature BUCKY results show similar behavior, except that the plasma radius remains about twice as long near maximum compression. One-temperature and two-temperature BUCKY results differ, reflecting the sensitivity of the calculations to timing and plasma parameter details, with the two-temperature case giving a more sustained compression.

Compression of a spherically symmetric deuterium-tritium plasma liner onto a magnetized deuterium-tritium target

Laser produced plasma embedded in a longitudinal magnetic field was studied using a 1 MA pulsed power generator coupled with a 50 TW laser. Half turn coil loads with an internal diameter of 2.5–3.5 mm generate a 50–70 T axial magnetic field near the load. A subpicosecond laser pulse with an intensity of 1018–1019 W/cm2 irradiates a thin Si foil target in the magnetic field of the coil load. A laser produced plasma plume collimates within the longitudinal field to a narrow jet 0.2–0.3 mm in diameter with a length of 3–4 mm and an electron plasma density of (0.2–1) × 1020 cm−3 on the jet axis. The jet propagates with a velocity of 160–200 km/s in general agreement with magnetohydrodynamic simulations. X-ray spectral measurements show an increase in the plasma electron density resulting from the magnetic confinement of the jet.

Study of laser produced plasma in a longitudinal magnetic field

Tin, lithium, and xenon laser-produced plasmas are attractive candidates as light sources for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Simulation of the dynamics and spectral properties of plasmas created in EUVL experiments plays a crucial role in analyzing and interpreting experimental measurements, and in optimizing the 13.5 nm radiation from the plasma source. Developing a good understanding of the physical processes in EUVL plasmas is challenging, as it requires accurate modeling for the atomic physics of complex atomic systems, frequency-dependent radiation transport, hydrodynamics, and the ability to simulate emergent spectra and images that can be directly compared with experimental measurements. We have developed a suite of plasma and atomic physics codes to simulate in detail the radiative properties of hot plasmas. HELIOS-CR is a 1-D radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code used to simulate the dynamic evolution of laser-produced and z-pinch plasmas. Multi-frequency radiation transport can be computed using either flux-limited diffusion or multi-angle models. HELIOS-CR also includes the capability to perform in-line non-LTE atomic kinetics calculations at each time step in the simulation. Energy source modeling includes laser energy deposition, radiation from external sources, and current discharges. The results of HELIOS-CR simulations can be post-processed using SPECT3D to generate images and spectra that include instrumental effects, and therefore can be directly compared with experimental measurements. Results from simulations of Sn laser-produced plasmas are presented, along with comparisons with experimental data. We discuss the sensitivity of the 13.5 nm conversion efficiency to laser intensity, wavelength, and pulse width, and show how the thickness of the Sn radiation layer affects the characteristics of the 13.5 nm emission.

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Ping Wang

Papers

Computation and Application of Atomic Data for Inertial Confinement Fusion Plasmas.