Pouyan Pourbeik

Bio: Pouyan Pourbeik is an academic researcher from Electric Power Research Institute. The author has contributed to research in topics: Electric power system & Wind power. The author has an hindex of 30, co-authored 70 publications receiving 3919 citations. Previous affiliations of Pouyan Pourbeik include ABB Ltd & University of Adelaide.

Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance

Abstract: On August 14, 2003, a cascading outage of transmission and generation facilities in the North American Eastern Interconnection resulted in a blackout of most of New York state as well as parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada. On September 23, 2003, nearly four million customers lost power in eastern Denmark and southern Sweden following a cascading outage that struck Scandinavia. Days later, a cascading outage between Italy and the rest of central Europe left most of Italy in darkness on September 28. These major blackouts are among the worst power system failures in the last few decades. The Power System Stability and Power System Stability Controls Subcommittees of the IEEE PES Power System Dynamic Performance Committee sponsored an all day panel session with experts from around the world. The experts described their recent work on the investigation of grid blackouts. The session offered a unique forum for discussion of possible root causes and necessary steps to reduce the risk of blackouts. This white paper presents the major conclusions drawn from the presentations and ensuing discussions during the all day session, focusing on the root causes of grid blackouts. This paper presents general conclusions drawn by this Committee together with recommendations based on lessons learned.

The anatomy of a power grid blackout - Root causes and dynamics of recent major blackouts

Abstract: This paper examines some of the more recent major blackouts and discusses some of the root causes and dynamics of these events. The paper aims to identify high-level conclusions and recommendations for improving system dynamic performance and reducing the risk of such catastrophic events

Definition and Classification of Power System Stability – Revisited & Extended

Abstract: Since the publication of the original paper on power system stability definitions in 2004, the dynamic behavior of power systems has gradually changed due to the increasing penetration of converter interfaced generation technologies, loads, and transmission devices. In recognition of this change, a Task Force was established in 2016 to re-examine and extend, where appropriate, the classic definitions and classifications of the basic stability terms to incorporate the effects of fast-response power electronic devices. This paper based on an IEEE PES report summarizes the major results of the work of the Task Force and presents extended definitions and classification of power system stability.

Simultaneous coordination of power system stabilizers and FACTS device stabilizers in a multimachine power system for enhancing dynamic performance

Abstract: By using the concept of induced torque coefficients, a method is developed for the simultaneous coordination of power system stabilizers (PSSs) and FACTS device stabilizers (FDSs) in order to enhance the damping of the rotor modes of oscillation in a multimachine system. The proposed coordination scheme employs linear programming. However, because eigenanalysis using the QR algorithm is required, it is limited to systems with less than 600-700 states. A case study is given which illustrates the coordination of PSSs and FDSs in a three-area system with 29 stations, 3 SVCs and 400 states.

Balancing Act

Abstract: The paper presents the functions of the Integration of Variable Generation Task Force (IVGTF) created by the planning and operating committees of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) in 2008. This is in anticipation of the substantial growth of renewable variable generation such as wind and solar resources.

Stakeholder Theory: The State of the Art

Abstract: For the last 30 years a growing number of scholars and practitioners have been experimenting with concepts and models that facilitate our understanding of the complexities of today’s business challenges. Among these, “stakeholder theory” or “stakeholder thinking” has emerged as a new narrative to understand and remedy three interconnected business problems—the problem of understanding how value is created and traded, the problem of connecting ethics and capitalism, and the problem of helping managers think about management such that the first two problems are addressed. In this article, we review the major uses and adaptations of stakeholder theory across a broad array of disciplines such as business ethics, corporate strategy, finance, accounting, management, and marketing. We also evaluate and suggest future directions in which research on stakeholder theory can continue to provide useful insights into the practice of sustainable and ethical value creation.

A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of grid code technical requirements regarding the connection of large wind farms to the electric power systems. The grid codes examined are generally compiled by transmission system operators (TSOs) of countries or regions with high wind penetration and therefore incorporate the accumulated experience after several years of system operation at significant wind penetration levels. The paper focuses on the most important technical requirements for wind farms, included in most grid codes, such as active and reactive power regulation, voltage and frequency operating limits and wind farm behaviour during grid disturbances. The paper also includes a review of modern wind turbine technologies, regarding their capability of satisfying the requirements set by the codes, demonstrating that recent developments in wind turbine technology provide wind farms with stability and regulation capabilities directly comparable to those of conventional generating plants.

Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance

Abstract: On August 14, 2003, a cascading outage of transmission and generation facilities in the North American Eastern Interconnection resulted in a blackout of most of New York state as well as parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada. On September 23, 2003, nearly four million customers lost power in eastern Denmark and southern Sweden following a cascading outage that struck Scandinavia. Days later, a cascading outage between Italy and the rest of central Europe left most of Italy in darkness on September 28. These major blackouts are among the worst power system failures in the last few decades. The Power System Stability and Power System Stability Controls Subcommittees of the IEEE PES Power System Dynamic Performance Committee sponsored an all day panel session with experts from around the world. The experts described their recent work on the investigation of grid blackouts. The session offered a unique forum for discussion of possible root causes and necessary steps to reduce the risk of blackouts. This white paper presents the major conclusions drawn from the presentations and ensuing discussions during the all day session, focusing on the root causes of grid blackouts. This paper presents general conclusions drawn by this Committee together with recommendations based on lessons learned.

Robust Power System Frequency Control

Abstract: Frequency control as a major function of automatic generation control is one of the important control problems in electric power system design and operation, and is becoming more significant today due to the increasing size, changing structure, emerging new uncertainties, environmental constraints, and the complexity of power systems. Robust Power System Frequency Control uses the recent development of linear robust control theory to provide practical, systematic, fast, and flexible algorithms for the tuning of power system load-frequency controllers. The physical constraints and important challenges related to the frequency regulation issue in a deregulated environment are emphasized, and most results are supplemented by real-time simulations. The developed control strategies attempt to bridge the existing gap between the advantages of robust/optimal control and traditional power system frequency control design. The material summarizes the long term research outcomes and contributions of the author’s experience with power system frequency regulation. It provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles of power system frequency behavior over a wide range of operating conditions. It uses simple frequency response models, control structures and mathematical algorithms to adapt modern robust control theorems with frequency control issues as well as conceptual explanations. The engineering aspects of frequency regulation have been considered, and practical methods for computer analysis and design are also discussed. Robust Power System Frequency Control provides a comprehensive coverage of frequency control understanding, simulation and design. The material develops an appropriate intuition relative to the robust load frequency regulation problem in real-world power systems, rather than to describe sophisticated mathematical analytical methods.

Thyristor-Based Facts Controllers for Electrical Transmission Systems

Abstract: 1. Introduction. 1.1 Background. 1.2 Electrical Transmission Networks. 1.3 Conventional Control Mechanisms. 1.4 Flexible ac Transmission Systems (FACTS). 1.5 Emerging Transmission Networks. 2. Reactor--Power Control in Electrical Power Transmission Systems. 2.1 Reacrive Power. 2.2 Uncompensated Transmission Lines. 2.3 Passive Compensation. 2.4 Summary. 3. Principles of Conventional Reactive--Power Compensators. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Synchronous Condensers. 3.3 The Saturated Reactor (SR). 3.4 The Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TCR). 3.5 The Thyristor--Controlled Transformer (TCT). 3.6 The Fixed Capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (FC--TCR). 3.7 The Mechanically Switched Capacitor--Thristor--Controlled Reactor (MSC--TCR). 3.8 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor and Reactor. 3.9 The Thyristor--Switched capacitor--Thyristor--Controlled Reactor (TSC--TCR). 3.10 A Comparison of Different SVCs. 3.11 Summary. 4. SVC Control Components and Models. 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Systems. 4.3 The Voltage Regulator. 4.4 Gate--Pulse Generation. 4.5 The Synchronizing System. 4.6 Additional Control and Protection Functions. 4.7 Modeling of SVC for Power--System Studies. 4.8 Summary. 5. Conceepts of SVC Voltage Control. 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Voltage Control. 5.3 Effect of Network Resonances on the Controller Response. 5.4 The 2nd Harmonic Interaction Between the SVC and ac Network. 5.5 Application of the SVC to Series--Compensated ac Systems. 5.6 3rd Harmonic Distortion. 5.7 Voltage--Controlled Design Studies. 5.8 Summary. 6. Applications. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Increase in Steady--State Power--Transfer Capacity. 6.3 Enhancement of Transient Stability. 6.4 Augmentation of Power--System Damping. 6.5 SVC Mitigation of Subsychronous Resonance (SSR). 6.6 Prevention of Voltage Instability. 6.7 Improvement of HVDC Link Performance. 6.8 Summary. 7. The Thyristor--Controlled SeriesCapacitor (TCSC). 7.1 Series Compensation. 7.2 The TCSC Controller. 7.3 Operation of the TCSC. 7.4 The TSSC. 7.5 Analysis of the TCSC. 7.6 Capability Characteristics. 7.7 Harmonic Performance. 7.8 Losses. 7.9 Response of the TCSC. 7.10 Modeling of the TCSC. 7.11 Summary. 8. TCSC Applications. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Open--Loop Control. 8.3 Closed--Loop Control. 8.4 Improvement of the System--Stability Limit. 8.5 Enhancement of System Damping. 8.6 Subsynchronous Resonanace (SSR) Mitigation. 8.7 Voltage--Collapse Prevention. 8.8 TCSC Installations. 8.9 Summary. 9. Coordination of FACTS Controllers. 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Controller Interactions. 9.3 SVC--SVC Interaction. 9.4 SVC--HVDC Interaction. 9.5 SVC--TCSC Interaction. 9.6 TCSC--TCSC Interaction. 9.7 Performance Criteria for Damping--Controller Design. 9.8 Coordination of Multiple Controllers Using Linear--Control Techniques. 9.9 Coordination of Multiple Controllers using Nonlinear--Control Techniques. 9.10 Summary. 10. Emerging FACTS Controllers. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 The STATCOM. 10.3 THE SSSC. 10.4 The UPFC. 10.5 Comparative Evaluation of Different FACTS Controllers. 10.6 Future Direction of FACTS Technology. 10.7 Summary. Appendix A. Design of an SVC Voltage Regulator. A.1 Study System. A.2 Method of System Gain. A.3 Elgen Value Analysis. A.4 Simulator Studies. A.5 A Comparison of Physical Simulator results With Analytical and Digital Simulator Results Using Linearized Models. Appendix B. Transient--Stability Enhancement in a Midpoint SVC--Compensated SMIB System. Appendix C. Approximate Multimodal decomposition Method for the Design of FACTS Controllers. C.1 Introduction. C.2 Modal Analysis of the ith Swing Mode, C.3 Implications of Different Transfer Functions. C.4 Design of the Damping Controller. Appendix D. FACTS Terms and Definitions. Index.