Praveen Kumar Malik

Bio: Praveen Kumar Malik is an academic researcher from Lovely Professional University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Antenna (radio) & Patch antenna. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 32 publications receiving 151 citations. Previous affiliations of Praveen Kumar Malik include Hamdard University & Inderprastha Engineering College.

Industrial Internet of Things and its Applications in Industry 4.0: State of The Art

Abstract: Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a convincing stage by interfacing different sensors around us to the Internet, giving incredible chances for the acknowledgment of brilliant living. It is a fast growing technology in the present scenario. IIoT has its effect on almost every advanced field in the society. It has impact not only on work, but also on the living style of individual and organization. Due to high availability of internet, the connecting cost is decreasing and more advanced systems has been developed with Wi-Fi capabilities. The concept of connecting any device with internet is “IIoT”, which is becoming new rule for the future. This manuscript discusses about the applications of Internet of Things in different areas like — automotive industries, embedded devices, environment monitoring, agriculture, construction, smart grid, health care, etc. A regressive review of the existing systems of the automotive industry, emergency response, and chain management on IIoT has been carried out, and it is observed that IIoT found its place almost in every field of technology.

A Survey of Device to Device and Cooperative Communication for the Future Cellular Networks

Abstract: Device to Device and Cooperative communication are the two new emerging technologies in the new era of communication technology which differ from the existing cellular technology. In review article we have enlisted different technologies which play a very important role in third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In this paper we have studied the various techniques of resource allocation, Mode selection for underlay communications in terms of device to device and cooperative communication techniques in terms of Long Term Evolution and Long Term Evolution-Advanced platform. A new technique LTE-Advanced Pro has also been introduced by 3GPP. Various simulators including Vienna LTE-Advanced have also been discussed. Better utilization of the spectrum is also depicts which is done on the basis of analysis if proper resource allocation whether it is power, frequency or time and mode selection is done in the programmed manner which would result in the reduction of interference and it will also lead to the secure system.

Highway 4.0: Digitalization of highways for vulnerable road safety development with intelligent IoT sensors and machine learning

Abstract: According to United Nations (UN) 2030 agenda, the transportation system needs to be enhanced for the establishment of access to safe, affordable, accessible, and sustainable transport systems along with enhanced road safety. The highway road transport system is one of the transport systems that enables to transits goods and humans from one location to another location. The agenda of UN 2030 for the transport system will be accomplished with the assistance of digital technologies like the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The implementation of these digital technologies on highways empowers to provide reliable, smarter, intelligent, and renewable energy sources experience to the users travelling along the highways. This study discusses the significance of the digitalization of highways that supporting and realizing a sustainable environment on the highways. To discuss the significance of digitalization, the study has categorized digitalization into five subcomponents namely smart highway lighting system, smart traffic and emergency management system, renewable energy sources on highways, smart display and AI in highways. An architecture-for smart highway lighting, smart traffic, and emergency management are proposed and discussed in the study. The significance of implementing smart display boards and renewable sources with real-time applications is also addressed in this study. Moreover, the integration of AI in highways is addressed with the perspective of enhancing road safety. The integration of deep learning (DL) in the edge-based vision node for predicting the patterns of traffic flow, highway road safety, and maintenance of quality roads have been addressed in the discussion section. Embedding the deep learning techniques in the vison node at the traffic junction and the highway lighting controller is able to deliver an intelligent system that provides sustained experience and management of the highways. Smart reflectors, adoption of renewable energy, developing vehicle-to-vehicle communication in vehicles, and smart lamppost are the few recommendations for the implementation of digitalizing highways.

Multiband Elliptical Patch Fractal and Defected Ground Structures Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

Abstract: A multiband microstrip antenna is designed for wireless communication application with fractal and defected ground structures. Antenna prototype is fabricated using Rogers RT Duroid 5880 dielectric material on a double layer PCB with dielectric constant 2.2 and thickness 0.8 mm. Through implementing the concept of elliptical shape fractal geometry to microstrip patch antenna, more miniaturization is achieved. Further with defected ground structures, wide impedance bandwidth and gain are achieved. A compact microstrip feedline is used to couple electromagnetic energy to radiator through lumped port. Proposed antenna shows multiband characteristics. Antenna resonates at 2.6 GHz, 6 GHz, and 8.2 GHz frequency bands with impedance bandwidth of 410 MHz, 1070 MHz, and 4840 MHz. Experimental validation is done to validate simulation results. Antenna operates on different wireless standards like Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz), Wireless Body Area Network (2.3/2.4 GHz), which falls under ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band applications. It also covers communication bands, X-band (8–12 GHz) and S-band (2.3–2.4 GHz).

Blockchain technology applications for Industry 4.0: A literature-based review

Abstract: Industry 4.0 involves innovations with upcoming digital technologies, and blockchain is one of them. Blockchain can be incorporated to improve security, privacy, and data transparency both for small and large enterprises. Industry 4.0 is a synthesis of the new production methods that allow manufacturers to achieve their target more rapidly. Research has been conducted on various Industry 4.0 technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big data, and Blockchain, and how they could create significant interruptions in recent years. These technologies provide various possibilities in the world of manufacturing and supply chain. Blockchain is a technology that has gained much recognition and can enhance the manufacturing and supply chain environment. Various fields now have fascinating insights into the advantages of blockchain. Several research articles on “Blockchain” and “Industry 4.0″ from Google Scholar, Scopus, and other relevant sources are identified and reviewed for this study. This paper discusses the major potential of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. Various drivers, enablers, and associated capabilities of Blockchain technology for Industry 4.0 are discussed for insights. Different Industry 4.0 spheres/sub-domains for Blockchain technology realisation are also discussed. Finally, we have identified and studied fourteen significant applications of Blockchain in Industry 4.0. It is a range of new developments and hope for immense opportunities that are changing Industry 4.0. This technology would work to achieve amplified outcomes and work individually to enhance the process.

A socio-technical framework for Internet-of-Things design

Abstract: This study presents a case application of a socio-technical framework to assess and predict the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Korea. Applying a socio-technical system approach to the IoT, this paper seeks a clear understanding of how the IoT will evolve and stabilize in a smart environment. It investigates the complex interaction between social and technical aspects of the IoT, by highlighting the co-evolution, interaction, and interface, which constitute the next generation network environment. It describes the challenges in designing, deploying, and sustaining the diverse components of the IoT, and provides a snapshot of Korea's current approach to meeting this challenge. Finally, the findings of this study provide insights into these challenges and opportunities, by offering a socio-technical analysis of IoT development. The insights help to conceptualize how the IoT can be designed and situated within human-centered contexts.

A Novel Approach of Design and Analysis of a Hexagonal Fractal Antenna Array (HFAA) for Next-Generation Wireless Communication

Abstract: The study and exploration of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MMIMO) and millimeter-wave wireless access technology has been spurred by a shortage of bandwidth in the wireless communication sector. Massive MIMO, which combines antennas at the transmitter and receiver, is a key enabler technology for next-generation networks to enable exceptional spectrum and energy efficiency with simple processing techniques. For massive MIMOs, the lower band microwave or millimeter-wave band and the antenna are impeccably combined with RF transceivers. As a result, the 5G wireless communication antenna differs from traditional antennas in many ways. A new concept of the MIMO tri-band hexagonal antenna array is being introduced for next-generation cellular networks. With a total scaling dimension of 150 × 75 mm2, the structure consists of multiple hexagonal fractal antenna components at different corners of the patch. The radiating patch resonates at 2.55–2.75, 3.45–3.7, and 5.65–6.05 GHz (FR1 band) for better return loss (S11) of more than 15 dB in all three operating bands. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding technique and defective ground structure in the ground plane have been employed for effective impedance matching. The deviation of the main lobe of the radiation pattern is achieved using a two-element microstrip Taylor antenna array with series feeding, which also boosts the antenna array’s bandwidth and minimizes sidelobe. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, and tested in far-field radiating conditions and generates tri-band S-parameters with sufficient separation and high-quality double-polarized radiation. The fabrication and testing of MIMO antennas were completed, where the measurement results matched the simulation results. In addition, the 5G smartphone antenna system requires a new, lightweight phased microwave antenna (μ-wave) with wide bandwidth and a fire extender. Because of its decent performance and compact architectures, the proposed smartphone antenna array architecture is a better entrant for upcoming 5G cellular implementations.