The rapid proliferation and elevated usage of electronic devices have led to a meteoritic rise in electronic pollutions such as electronic noise, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radiofrequency interference (RFI) which leads to improper functioning of electronic devices. Metals and their alloys can serve as the best EMI shielding materials but their heavy weight, high cost and low corrosion resistance have limited their applications in EMI shielding. The emergence of flexible polymer composites have substituted the metal and metal alloy based EMI shielding materials due to their unique features such as light weight, excellent corrosion resistance, superior electrical, dielectric, thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties that are highly useful for suppressing the electromagnetic noises. In this review article, the EMI shielding effectiveness of flexible polymer composites comprising of metals and various forms of carbon nanofillers such as carbon black, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, graphene nanosheets, graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets have been deeply reviewed.

Recent advances in electromagnetic interference shielding properties of metal and carbon filler reinforced flexible polymer composites: A review

Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICP) and conductive fillers incorporated conductive polymer-based composites (CPC) greatly facilitate the research in electromagnetic interference (EMI) s...

Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Polymers and Nanocomposites - A Review

Conducting polymers are extensively studied due to their outstanding properties, including tunable electrical property, optical and high mechanical properties, easy synthesis and effortless fabrication and high environmental stability over conventional inorganic materials Although conducting polymers have a lot of limitations in their pristine form, hybridization with other materials overcomes these limitations The synergetic effects of conducting polymer composites give them wide applications in electrical, electronics and optoelectronic fields An in-depth analysis of composites of conducting polymers with carbonaceous materials, metal oxides, transition metals and transition metal dichalcogenides etc is used to study them effectively Here in this review we seek to describe the transport models which help to explain the conduction mechanism, relevant synthesis approaches, and physical properties, including electrical, optical and mechanical properties Recent developments in their applications in the fields of energy storage, photocatalysis, anti-corrosion coatings, biomedical applications and sensing applications are also explained Structural properties play an important role in the performance of the composites

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Conducting polymers: a comprehensive review on recent advances in synthesis, properties and applications

Acid modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes (a-MWCNT) reinforced polyurethane (PU) composite films have been fabricated using a solvent casting technique with 0–10 wt% of a-MWCNTs. A nanoindentation study has been carried out on these films in order to investigate the mechanical properties. Incorporation of a-MWCNTs in a PU matrix led to a drastic increase in the hardness and elastic modulus. The maximum nanoindentation hardness of 217.5 MPa for 10 wt% a-MWCNT loading was observed as compared to 58.5 MPa for pure PU (an overall improvement of 271%). The nanoindentation elastic modulus for a 10 wt% a-MWCNT loaded sample was 1504.2 MPa as compared to 385.7 MPa for pure PU (an overall improvement of 290%). In addition to hardness and elastic modulus, other mechanical properties i.e. plastic index parameter, elastic recovery, ratio of residual displacement after load removal and displacement at the maximum load and plastic deformation energy have also been investigated. The enhancement in the mechanical properties was correlated with spectroscopic and microscopic investigations using Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. Dispersion of a-MWCNTs in the PU matrix was studied using Raman mapping. Besides the improvement in mechanical properties, the electromagnetic interference shielding properties were also investigated in the 8.2–12.4 GHz (X-band) frequency range. A value of ∼29 dB for the 10 wt% MWCNT loaded sample having a thickness of 1.5 mm was obtained. Therefore, these polyurethane composite films shall not only be useful for hard and scratchless coatings but also for protection from electromagnetic radiation in making electromagnetic shielding bags for packaging of electronic circuits and for scratchless tape for laminating circuit boards.

Improved nanoindentation and microwave shielding properties of modified MWCNT reinforced polyurethane composites

Recent progress on carbon-based composite materials for microwave electromagnetic interference shielding

Recent progress and growth in biosensors technology: A critical review

The present study reports the synthesis of a porous Fe-based MOF named MIL-100(Fe) by a modified hydrothermal method without the HF process. The synthesis gave a high surface area with the specific surface area calculated to be 2551 m2 g-1 and a pore volume of 1.407 cm3 g-1 with an average pore size of 1.103 nm. The synthesized electrocatalyst having a high surface area is demonstrated as an excellent electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction investigated in both acidic and alkaline media. As desired, the electrochemical results showed low Tafel slopes (53.59 and 56.65 mV dec-1), high exchange current densities (76.44 and 72.75 mA cm-2), low overpotentials (148.29 and 150.57 mV), and long-term stability in both media, respectively. The high activity is ascribed to the large surface area of the synthesized Fe-based metal-organic framework with porous nature.

Highly Porous MIL-100(Fe) for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Acidic and Basic Media.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown on carbon fiber (CF) felt by chemical vapor deposition that resulted into strongly anchored carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the CF surface. These multiscale preforms were used as the reinforcement in epoxy resin to develop multi scale CF felt-MWCNT/epoxy composites. The flexural strength (FS) and the flexural modulus (FM) of the composites were found to increase with increasing amount of CNTs grown on CF felt surface. FS improved by 37 %, i.e. 119 MPa compared to 87 MPa for CF felt/epoxy composites prepared under identical conditions. The FM also improved by 153 %, i.e. 15.7 GPa compared to 6.2 GPa for the CF/epoxy composites. The incorporation of MWCNTs on the CF felt produced a significant change in the electromagnetic interference shielding of these composites which improved from −21 to −27 dB for CF felt-MWCNT/epoxy multiscale composites in the Ku band (12.4–18 GHz) and indicates the usefulness of these strong composites for microwave shielding.

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Preetam Bhardwaj

Papers

Recent progress and growth in biosensors technology: A critical review

Highly Porous MIL-100(Fe) for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) in Acidic and Basic Media.

Enhanced microwave shielding and mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes anchored carbon fiber felt reinforced epoxy multiscale composites

An efficient pseudocapacitor electrode material with co-doping of iron (II) and sulfur in luminescent graphene quantum dots

Cu based Metal Organic Framework (Cu-MOF) for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction