Purpose – Facing the multiplication of entrepreneurship education programmes (EEP) and the increasing resources allocated, there is a need to develop a common framework to evaluate the design of those programmes. The purpose of this article is to propose such a framework, based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Design/methodology/approach – TPB is a relevant tool to model the development of entrepreneurial intention through pedagogical processes. The independent variables are the characteristics of the EEP and the dependent variables are the antecedents of entrepreneurial behaviour. To illustrate and test the relevance of the evaluation methodology, a pilot study is conducted. Findings – Data are consistent and reliable, considering the small scale of this experiment. The EEP assessed had a strong measurable impact on the entrepreneurial intention of the students, while it had a positive, but not very significant, impact on their perceived behavioural control. Research implications/limitations – This is a first step of an ambitious research programme aiming at producing theory-grounded knowledge. Reproduction of the experiment will allow researchers to test how specific characteristics of an EEP influence its impact and how the impact differs across several cohorts of students. Those comparisons will serve to improve a priori the design of EEP. Originality/value – The new methodology is built on a robust theoretical framework and based on validated measurement tools. Its originality is about a relative – longitudinal – measure of impact over time and a particular use of the theory of planned behaviour which is seen as an assessment framework.

Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Programmes: A New Methodology

This article examines two potential causal mechanisms underlying the observed entrepreneurial orientation (EO)–performance relationship. We find empirical support for the notion that EO might be a performance–variance-enhancing strategic orientation rather than a performance–mean-enhancing orientation. With such a conceptualization, performance variance (along with, or instead of, mean performance) and failure take center stage. To address the question of “where to from here,” we discuss a number of research opportunities that we believe are going to make important contributions to the entrepreneurship and strategy literature.

Where to from here? : EO-as-experimentation, failure, and distribution of outcomes

本文以英文文献为基础,结合美国社会相关最新动态和具体事例对"公益创业"(Social Entrepreneurship)这个崭新现象的定义和在美国诞生的背景进行了综合探讨.同时,笔者基于在美国的实践经验,对"公益创业"在美兴盛的环境进行了反思.

什么是"Social Entrepreneurship"(公益创业)

Entrepreneurial intention is a rapidly evolving field of research. A growing number of studies use entrepreneurial intention as a powerful theoretical framework. However, a substantial part of this research lacks systematization and categorization, and there seems to be a tendency to start anew with every study. Therefore, there is a need to take stock of current knowledge in this field. In this sense, this paper carries out a review of the literature on entrepreneurial intentions. A total of 409 papers addressing entrepreneurial intention, published between 2004 and 2013 (inclusive), have been analyzed. The purpose and contribution of this paper is to offer a clearer picture of the sub-fields in entrepreneurial intention research, by concentrating on two aspects. Firstly, it reviews recent research by means of a citation analysis to categorize the main areas of specialization currently attracting the attention of the academic community. Secondly, a thematic analysis is carried out to identify the specific themes being researched within each category. Despite the large number of publications and their diversity, the present study identifies five main research areas, plus an additional sixth category for a number of new research papers that cannot be easily classified into the five areas. Within those categories, up to twenty-five different themes are recognized. A number of research gaps are singled out within each of these areas of specialization, in order to induce new ways and perspectives in the entrepreneurial intention field of research that may be fruitful in filling these gaps.

A systematic literature review on entrepreneurial intentions: citation, thematic analyses, and research agenda

Entrepreneurial intention plays a major role in entrepreneurship academia and practice. However, little is known about the intentions of entrepreneurs in the social area of venture creation. This paper aims to formulate a well-organized model of social entrepreneurial intention.,The paper draws on intention models in entrepreneurship literature in general and social entrepreneurship in particular to identify gaps. Based on these findings, a new conceptual model is formulated.,There is no research to be found which uses the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to explain about an individual’s intention to become a social entrepreneur, although this theory is recently suggested as an inclusive framework for entrepreneurial intention (Doan Winkel et al., 2011). It is also supportive by the empirical research of Segal et al. (2002). Therefore, a conceptual model of entrepreneurial intention in the field of social entrepreneurship is formulated based on adapting and extending the SCCT.,The paper contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by providing new insights about social entrepreneurial intention. The result has important implications for theory and practice. In theory, it is the first model offering the SCCT as the background of formation for social entrepreneurial intention, with a distinct perspective of social entrepreneurship as a career. It raises a future direction for researchers to test this model. In practice, this framework provides a broad view of factors that could contribute to the success of the would-be a social entrepreneur.

A Conceptual Model of Social Entrepreneurial Intention Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory

The present study aims at identifying the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Indian context by using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework. A 72 item questionnaire was responded by 390 students of premier technical universities of India. A method of sampling used was systematized random sampling. 69% (N = 269) of the respondents were male and 31% (N = 121) were female and the average age of the respondents was approximately 20 years. The questionnaire measured emotional intelligence, creativity, and moral obligation, attitude toward becoming a social entrepreneur, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. The result shows that the proposed model in the present study explains 47% of the variance, explaining the social entrepreneurship intention. Creativity showed a strongest positive relationship followed by emotional intelligence. This research study contributes to the social entrepreneurship literature by introducing emotional intelligence and creativity as new antecedents that also explains social entrepreneurial intention formation.

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An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions

The present study aims at identifying the social entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Indian context by using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework. A 50-item questionnaire was responded by 230 students who are enrolled in the universities in India. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. In total, 72% (N = 166) of the respondents were male and 31% (N = 64) were female and the average age of the respondents was 20 years. The questions measured emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, attitude towards becoming a social entrepreneur and social entrepreneurial intentions. The result shows that the proposed model in the present study explains 42% of the variance, explaining the social entrepreneurship intention. Both Emotional intelligence and self-efficacy showed the positive significant relationship with both attitude and social entrepreneurial intentions.

The role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on social entrepreneurial attitudes and social entrepreneurial intentions

Purpose




The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of cognitive styles (CgStys) and self-efficacy (SEff) in the formation of social entrepreneurial intentions (SEIs) among the students of a premier multi-campus technical university in India using the theory of planned behaviour as the research framework.




Design/methodology/approach




A 54-item questionnaire was responded by 550 students. The data were collected by employing a systematic random sampling method. In the total sample of the respondents, 67 per cent (n=368) were male and 33 per cent (n=182) were female and the average age of the respondents was 20 years. Structural equation modelling has been used for data analysis.




Findings




The results of the study support that the relationship between antecedents (CgStys and SEff) and SEIs was mediated by the attitude towards becoming a social entrepreneur, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. Findings of this research study also suggest that students with high level of SEff are more inclined towards social entrepreneurial activities.




Research limitations/implications




The study was confined to the students from a technical university, and it may not give the generalized findings for students from the non-technical stream.




Practical implications




The finding of this research study will facilitate policy makers and educators for promoting social entrepreneurial activities at the university level. Based on the results and findings of the study, the educators may improve upon the support system to help and motivate students to opt social entrepreneurship as their career choice.




Originality/value




This is one of its kinds of research conducted in the Indian context. Findings of this research will be helpful in predicting how the intention process of Indian students is affected by their CgStys and SEff.

Predictors of social entrepreneurial intention: an empirical study

The aim of this research study to identify the role of empathy,moral judgement and social entrepreneurial education in predicting social entrepreneurial intention. And also test the mediating effect of prosocial motivation in this relationship. Through the survey, primary sample data of 755 nascent social entrepreneurs were used to test the hypotheses. The hypothesised moderated mediation condition was supported as results suggest that prosocial motivation mediated the relationship between antecedents and social entrepreneurial intentions. Besides this social entrepreneurial education showed a strong direct relationship with social entrepreneurial intentions. These findings strengthen the argument which states that there is a great need from policy, educators and universities to start courses that can imbibe the feeling of empathy. And also support system to motivates students to go
for social entrepreneurship as a career choice.

Mediating Role of Prosocial Motivation in Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intentions

The objective of this study was to identify the role of emotional intelligence, empathy, and perceived social pressure on social entrepreneurial intentions among the students of premier technical universities in India using Shapero’s theory of entrepreneurial event as the research framework. The structural model adequately fit the data. The test showed the good fit of the model. The derived statistics of model fit are: CMIN/DF = 1.79, IFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.94, CFI = 0.95 and RMSEA = 0.033. All the three antecedents showed a statistically significant relationship with the mediators. Findings of this research study also suggest that students with emotional intelligence are more inclined towards social entrepreneurial activities. The finding of this research study will facilitate policymakers and educators for promoting social entrepreneurial activities at the university level. Based on these results, educators may review support system that will prove helpful for students. This is one of its kinds of research conducted in the Indian context. Findings of this research will be helpful in predicting how the intention process of Indian students is affected by emotional intelligence, empathy and perceived social pressure.

Preeti Tiwari

Papers

An empirical analysis of the factors affecting social entrepreneurial intentions

The role of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy on social entrepreneurial attitudes and social entrepreneurial intentions

Predictors of social entrepreneurial intention: an empirical study

Mediating Role of Prosocial Motivation in Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intentions

The Effect of Emotional Intelligence, Empathy and Perceived Social Pressure on Predicting Social Entrepreneurial Intention: A Field Research