Prem Chandra Pandey

Bio: Prem Chandra Pandey is an academic researcher from Shiv Nadar University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cyclic voltammetry & Ormosil. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 81 publications receiving 1462 citations. Previous affiliations of Prem Chandra Pandey include Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra & Tel Aviv University.

Land use/land cover in view of earth observation: data sources, input dimensions, and classifiers—a review of the state of the art

Abstract: Land use/land cover (LULC) is a fundamental concept of the Earth's system intimately connected to many phases of the human and physical environment. Earth observation (EO) technology provides an in...

Assessment of land consumption rate with urban dynamics change using geospatial techniques

Abstract: Land consumption is increasing rapidly with the exponential growth of population. The built-up environment configuration influences the management processes for development and other municipality works. Population growth also affects the availability of land for different purposes in its spatial distribution. The present study was conducted using satellite remote sensing data Landsat MSS (Multi-spectral Scanner), ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper), IRS P-6 (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite), LISS IV (Linear Imaging Self-Scanner), and IRS P-5 Cartosat-1 for the assessment of urban area change dynamics between years 1976 and 2008 in Bhagalpur city in the state of Bihar in India. The ground truth and coordinate points were collected using a Global Positioning System (GPS) for the location of the built-up themes prepared in the Geographic Information System (GIS). Land Consumption Rate (LCR) and Land Absorption Coefficient (LAC) were introduced to aid in the quantitative assessment changes. The results show a rap...

A new glucose sensor based on encapsulated glucose oxidase within organically modified sol–gel glass

Abstract: A non-mediated glucose biosensor is reported based on encapsulated glucose oxidase (GOD) within the composite sol–gel glass, which is prepared using optimum concentrations of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 2-(3, 4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxy silane, GOD dissolved in double distilled water and HCl. A white, smooth film of sol–gel glass with controlled thickness is also prepared at the surface of a Pt disk electrode without GOD to study the electrochemistry of ferrocene monocarboxylic acid at the surface of the modified electrode. The electrochemistry of ferrocene monocarboxylic acid at composite sol–gel glass electrode with varying thickness is reported. The GOD-immobilized film over the Pt disk surface shows a yellow colour. The new sol–gel glass in the absence and the presence of GOD is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The enzyme-immobilized film of different thickness is made using varying concentrations of soluble sol–gel components applied to the well of the Pt disk electrode. The enzyme is cross-lined with the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, one of the composite component of sol–gel glass using glyoxal at 4°C for 4 h. The response of non-mediated enzyme sensor is studied based on cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements. A typical amperometric response of the enzyme sensor having varying thickness of the modified sol–gel glass film is reported. The variation of the response time as a function of the film thickness is reported. The stability of cross-linked GOD to sol–gel glass is found to be more than a month without loss of enzymatic activity when the enzyme sensor is stored at 4°C.

A New Glucose Biosensor Based on Sandwich Configuration of Organically Modified Sol-Gel Glass

Abstract: A new glucose biosensor was developed based on the sandwich configuration of organically modified sol-gel glasses. The new sol-gel glass was developed using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy silane and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxy silane. Two types of sol-gel glasses were used to develop glucose biosensors that differ in absence (A) and the presence of graphite powder [particle size 1–2 μ] (B). An additional additive (polyethylene glycol, Mol. wt. 6000) was also incorporated in both types of the upper sol-gel glass layer. The new sol-gel matrix with immobilized glucose oxidase was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The sandwich configuration was developed using a bilayer of sol-gel glasses having a layer of glucose oxidase in between the bilayer. This electrode with special configuration was used to form a layer of sol-gel glass of ca. 0.2 mm thickness. The performance of sol-gel glasses (A & B) was analyzed based on cyclic voltammetry using ferrocene monocarboxylic acid. The results show a diffusion limited condition of ferrocene across the sol-gel matrix. The characterization of sol-gel glass based biosensor was recorded based on the cyclic voltammograms in absence and presence of glucose. The results show an increase in anodic current which is also characteristic of hydrogen peroxide oxidation in both cases (A & B). The responses of the sol-gel glasses based biosensors were analyzed based on chronoamperometric measurements. An amplified signal on the addition of the same concentrations of glucose was recorded with the B-type sol-gel glass electrode which was attributed to its relatively high porosity and better conductivity of the graphite loaded sol-gel glass. These observations were in accordance with the results on the diffusion of ferrocene and the magnitude of anodic current resulting from hydrogen peroxide oxidation. The calibration plots for glucose analysis using both type of sensors are reported. Data on the mediated electrochemical oxidation of glucose oxidase using soluble ferrocene were also reported based on cyclic voltammograms and amperometric measurement.

Fuzzy AHP for forest fire risk modeling

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of study is linked to management and policy‐making strategies, such as forest management, land use planning and sustainable management of natural resources It aims to help prevent forest fire by taking precautions It also aims to be helpful for authorities coping during the event of occurrence of fireDesign/methodology/approach – The methodology paradigm applied here is based on knowledge‐based and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) techniques Knowledge‐based criteria involve topographic and different themes for risk assessment The assignment of value given to equation is significant due to its importanceFindings – Results are in strong agreement with actual fire occurrences in the past years The risk zones are identified according to past occurrence of fire The gradients of low‐ to high‐risk zones are according to fuel, topographic features and weather conditions Direction and aspect value were taken accordinglyOriginality/value – The paper presents forest fire risk zones de

Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

Abstract: Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences1–4 as well as in anti bioterrorism applications.5–7 The development of highly sensitive, cost effective, miniature sensors is therefore in high demand which requires advanced technology coupled with fundamental knowledge in chemistry, biology and material sciences.8–13 In general, sensors feature two functional components: a recognition element to provide selective/specific binding with the target analytes and a transducer component for signaling the binding event. An efficient sensor relies heavily on these two essential components for the recognition process in terms of response time, signal to noise (S/N) ratio, selectivity and limits of detection (LOD).14,15 Therefore, designing sensors with higher efficacy depends on the development of novel materials to improve both the recognition and transduction processes. Nanomaterials feature unique physicochemical properties that can be of great utility in creating new recognition and transduction processes for chemical and biological sensors15–27 as well as improving the S/N ratio by miniaturization of the sensor elements.28 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess distinct physical and chemical attributes that make them excellent scaffolds for the fabrication of novel chemical and biological sensors (Figure 1).29–36 First, AuNPs can be synthesized in a straightforward manner and can be made highly stable. Second, they possess unique optoelectronic properties. Third, they provide high surface-to-volume ratio with excellent biocompatibility using appropriate ligands.30 Fourth, these properties of AuNPs can be readily tuned varying their size, shape and the surrounding chemical environment. For example, the binding event between recognition element and the analyte can alter physicochemical properties of transducer AuNPs, such as plasmon resonance absorption, conductivity, redox behavior, etc. that in turn can generate a detectable response signal. Finally, AuNPs offer a suitable platform for multi-functionalization with a wide range of organic or biological ligands for the selective binding and detection of small molecules and biological targets.30–32,36 Each of these attributes of AuNPs has allowed researchers to develop novel sensing strategies with improved sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In the last decade of research, the advent of AuNP as a sensory element provided us a broad spectrum of innovative approaches for the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, malignant cells, etc. in a rapid and efficient manner.37 Figure 1 Physical properties of AuNPs and schematic illustration of an AuNP-based detection system. In this current review, we have highlighted the several synthetic routes and properties of AuNPs that make them excellent probes for different sensing strategies. Furthermore, we will discuss various sensing strategies and major advances in the last two decades of research utilizing AuNPs in the detection of variety of target analytes including metal ions, organic molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and microorganisms.

Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation

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