Prem Chandra Pandey

Bio: Prem Chandra Pandey is an academic researcher from Shiv Nadar University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cyclic voltammetry & Ormosil. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 81 publications receiving 1462 citations. Previous affiliations of Prem Chandra Pandey include Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra & Tel Aviv University.

A New Solid‐State pH Sensor and Its Application in the Construction of all Solid‐State Urea Biosensor

Abstract: A new solid-state pH sensor is developed using neutral poly(3-cyclohexyl thiophene) assembled over a Pt disk electrode. The new sensor is developed following two different approaches; 1) the neutral poly(3-cyclohexyl thiophene) dissolved in chloroform and subsequent coating on to a Pt disk electrode; 2) the neutral polymer is incorporated into plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membrane. In both cases the polymer modified electrode is sensitive to pH and a reversible super Nernstian behavior is observed. The typical response of the pH sensor and its reversibility are reported. The polymer coated electrode is subsequently used to construct an all solid-state urea sensor. The construction of this new urea sensor involves the following two major steps; a) 20 µL of urease solution (40 mg /mL) is allowed to assemble overnight at 4 °C over neutral poly (3-cyclohexyl thiophene) modified electrode; b) an organically modified sol-gel layer is allowed to form over the urease adsorbed polymer modified electrode. The new solid-state urea sensor provides excellent reproducibility of the measurements and is stable for 3 months when stored at 4 °C under dry condition. The typical response of the solid-state urea sensor and the calibration plot of urea analysis are reported.

Studies on Ferrocene Immobilized Sol‐Gel Glasses and Its Application in the Construction of a Novel Solid‐State Ion Sensor

Abstract: Two new sol-gel glass systems with immobilized ferrocene are developed using two different types of sol-gel precursors. System (1) is developed using ferrocene carboxaldehyde and a mixture of two silanes (3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxy silane). System (2) is developed using ferrocene monocarboxylic acid and a mixture of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and trimethoxysilane. The surfaces of the sol-gel glasses are analyzed based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemistry of ferrocene in system 1 and system 2 is characterized based on cyclic voltammetry. System 1 shows capacitive CV at slow scan rate whereas system 2 shows good reversible electrochemistry of ferrocene. The potentiometric response of the ferrocene immobilized sol-gel glass (system 1) is studied in 10 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.0. A reproducible potential difference of system 1 to the order of –30 mV is recorded for 2 months with respect to a double junction SCE reference electrode. An ion sensing membrane is assembled over the ferrocene immobilized sol-gel glass using plasticized PVC matrix membrane containing dibenzo-18-crown-6. A typical potentiometric response of the ion sensor is reported. The response of the ion-sensor shows better response time, high reproducibility and relatively better slope for potassium analysis as compared to earlier reported solid-state K+ ion-sensor based on dibenzo-18-crown-6 neutral carrier. The reproducibility, detection limit and relative response of the ion sensor to Na+ and NH4+ ions are reported.

A Novel Ferrocene-Encapsulated Palladium-Linked Ormosil-Based Electrocatalytic Biosensor. The Role of the Reactive Functional Group

Abstract: A novel palladium-linked ormosil material with encapsulated ferrocene is reported along with its application in bioelectrocatalysis. The Pd-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is made by mixing an aqueous solution of palladium chloride and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The linkage of palladium with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane is confirmed by UV-vis, mass, and 13C spectroscopy. It is suggested that Pd is sandwiched between two molecules of glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane replacing oxygen. The new ormosil is made using Pd-linked silane precursor containing ferrocene monocarboxylic acid, trimethoxysilane and HCl. The formation of ormosil at two different temperatures (10 and 30 °C) is also studied, with the result that the ormosil formed at 10 °C does not show electrocatalysis of glucose oxidase whereas the ormosil made at 30 °C is found to be an efficient bioelectrocatalyst. The cyclic voltammetry results show peak separation of 57–59 mV of encapsulated ferrocene made at 30 °C and relatively large peak separation of the one made at 10 °C. The performance, stability, and reproducibility of the new ormosil based glucose biosensor are discussed. Another important investigation in support of the above outcome is reported showing the self-assembly of palladium on the reactive solid state ormosil surface. The reactive ormosil is developed using a mixture of trimethoxysilane and 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane in acidic medium.

Mapping Tree Species in Coastal Portugal Using Statistically Segmented Principal Component Analysis and Other Methods

Abstract: Hyperspectral sensors record radiances in a large number of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum and can be used to distinguish different tree species based on their characteristic reflectance signatures. Reflectance spectra were measured from airborne hyperspectral AISA Eagle/Hawk imagery in order to identify different Mediterranean tree species at a coastal test site in Portugal. A spectral range from 400 to 2450 nm was recorded at 2-m spatial resolution. The hyperspectral data are divided into five spectral data ranges. The chosen ranges for segmentation are based on statistical properties as well as on their wavelengths, as radiances of a particular wavelength may overlap with neighboring wavelengths. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied individually to each spectral range. The first three principal components (PCs) of each range are chosen and are fused into a new data segment of reduced dimensionality. The resulting 15 PCs contain 99.42% of the information content of the original hyperspectral image. These PCs were used for a maximum likelihood classification (MLC). Spectral signatures were also analyzed for the hyperspectral data, and were validated with ground data collected in the field by a handheld spectro-radiometer. Different RGB combinations of PC bands of segmented PC image provide distinct feature identification. A comparison with other classification approaches (spectral angle mapper and MLC of the original hyperspectral imagery) shows that the MLC of the segmented PCA achieves the highest accuracy, due to its ability to reduce the Hughes phenomenon.

Modeling of Electric Demand for Sustainable Energy and Management in India Using Spatio-Temporal DMSP-OLS Night-Time Data

Abstract: Changes in the pattern of electric power consumption in India have influenced energy utilization processes and socio-economic development to greater extent during the last few decades. Assessment of spatial distribution of electricity consumption is, thus, essential for projecting availability of energy resource and planning its infrastructure. This paper makes an attempt to model the future electricity demand for sustainable energy and its management in India. The nighttime light database provides a good approximation of availability of energy. We utilized defense meteorological satellite program-operational line-scan system (DMSP-OLS) nighttime satellite data, electricity consumption (1993–2013), gross domestic product (GDP) and population growth to construct the model. We also attempted to examine the sensitiveness of electricity consumption to GDP and population growth. The results revealed that the calibrated DMSP and model has provided realistic information on the electric demand with respect to GDP and population, with a better accuracy of r 2 = 0.91. The electric demand was found to be more sensitive to GDP (r = 0.96) than population growth (r = 0.76) as envisaged through correlation analysis. Hence, the model proved to be useful tool in predicting electric demand for its sustainable use and management.

Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

Abstract: Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences1–4 as well as in anti bioterrorism applications.5–7 The development of highly sensitive, cost effective, miniature sensors is therefore in high demand which requires advanced technology coupled with fundamental knowledge in chemistry, biology and material sciences.8–13 In general, sensors feature two functional components: a recognition element to provide selective/specific binding with the target analytes and a transducer component for signaling the binding event. An efficient sensor relies heavily on these two essential components for the recognition process in terms of response time, signal to noise (S/N) ratio, selectivity and limits of detection (LOD).14,15 Therefore, designing sensors with higher efficacy depends on the development of novel materials to improve both the recognition and transduction processes. Nanomaterials feature unique physicochemical properties that can be of great utility in creating new recognition and transduction processes for chemical and biological sensors15–27 as well as improving the S/N ratio by miniaturization of the sensor elements.28 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess distinct physical and chemical attributes that make them excellent scaffolds for the fabrication of novel chemical and biological sensors (Figure 1).29–36 First, AuNPs can be synthesized in a straightforward manner and can be made highly stable. Second, they possess unique optoelectronic properties. Third, they provide high surface-to-volume ratio with excellent biocompatibility using appropriate ligands.30 Fourth, these properties of AuNPs can be readily tuned varying their size, shape and the surrounding chemical environment. For example, the binding event between recognition element and the analyte can alter physicochemical properties of transducer AuNPs, such as plasmon resonance absorption, conductivity, redox behavior, etc. that in turn can generate a detectable response signal. Finally, AuNPs offer a suitable platform for multi-functionalization with a wide range of organic or biological ligands for the selective binding and detection of small molecules and biological targets.30–32,36 Each of these attributes of AuNPs has allowed researchers to develop novel sensing strategies with improved sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In the last decade of research, the advent of AuNP as a sensory element provided us a broad spectrum of innovative approaches for the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, malignant cells, etc. in a rapid and efficient manner.37 Figure 1 Physical properties of AuNPs and schematic illustration of an AuNP-based detection system. In this current review, we have highlighted the several synthetic routes and properties of AuNPs that make them excellent probes for different sensing strategies. Furthermore, we will discuss various sensing strategies and major advances in the last two decades of research utilizing AuNPs in the detection of variety of target analytes including metal ions, organic molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and microorganisms.

Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation

Abstract: Thank you very much for downloading remote sensing and image interpretation. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this remote sensing and image interpretation, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their computer. remote sensing and image interpretation is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the remote sensing and image interpretation is universally compatible with any devices to read.