Prem Chandra Pandey

Bio: Prem Chandra Pandey is an academic researcher from Shiv Nadar University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cyclic voltammetry & Ormosil. The author has an hindex of 24, co-authored 81 publications receiving 1462 citations. Previous affiliations of Prem Chandra Pandey include Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra & Tel Aviv University.

Copper(II) ion sensor based on electropolymerized undoped conducting polymers

Abstract: A solid state copper(II) ion sensor is reported based on the application of electropolymerized undoped (neutral) polycarbazole (PCz) and polyindole (PIn) modified electrodes. The new sensor shows high selectivity to Cu2+ ions with a detection limit of 10–5 M. PCz and PIn are formed respectively by the anodic oxidation of 50 mM carbazole and 5 mM indole monomers in dichloromethane containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate on a platinum electrode using a single compartment cell. Potentiostatic polymerization of both the monomers are carried out at 1.3 V and 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, respectively. Perchlorate ions were electrochemically removed from the polymer films by applying – 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Polymer-coated electrodes are incubated in 1 M KCl solution for 8 h followed by incubation in distilled water for 2 h before using as a metal ion sensor. The undoped PCz and PIn electrodes were found to be highly selective and sensitive for Cu2+ ions with little selectivity for Pb2+ and negligible response towards Ag+, Hg2+, Cu+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Fe3+ or Zn2+. Potentiometric responses for Cu2+ ions are recorded for both the sensor electrodes together with a double-junction Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Calibration curves for Cu2+ are reported for both ion sensors. The polymer-modified electrodes were found to be stable for several weeks.

Functionalized Ormosils-Based Biosensor Probing a Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed Reaction

Abstract: We report herein the electrochemistry of redox materials encapsulated within organically modified sol-gel glasses (ormosil). The ormosils that encapsulated ferrocene monocarboxylic acid and potassium ferricyanide are made using palladium-linked 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, trimethoxysilane, HCI, and an aqueous solution of potassium ferricyanide or ferrocene monocarboxylic acid followed by gelation of the same for 24 h at 30°C. The requirement of palladium linkage with ormosil is also examined and data on the electrochemistry of (i) only potassium-ferricyanide encapsulated ormosil without palladium, (ii) potassium-ferricyanide encapsulated ormosil with varying concentrations of palladium are reported. The ormosil made with optimum concentrations of palladium shows better redox electrochemistry as compared to that made without palladium. The ormosils are converted into fine powder followed by incorporation together with horseradish peroxidase within a graphite paste electrode. The peroxide biosensors based on modified-paste electrodes are characterized by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Results on electrochemical sensing of hydrogen peroxide close to the cathodic peak potential of potassium ferricyanide and ferrocene monocarboxylic acid are reported. The performance of these peroxide biosensors is discussed and compared to those reported earlier.

An Approach for Route Optimization in Applications of Precision Agriculture Using UAVs

Abstract: This research paper focuses on providing an algorithm by which (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) UAVs can be used to provide optimal routes for agricultural applications such as, fertilizers and pesticide spray, in crop fields. To utilize a minimum amount of inputs and complete the task without a revisit, one needs to employ optimized routes and optimal points of delivering the inputs required in precision agriculture (PA). First, stressed regions are identified using VegNet (Vegetative Network) software. Then, methods are applied for obtaining optimal routes and points for the spraying of inputs with an autonomous UAV for PA. This paper reports a unique and innovative technique to calculate the optimum location of spray points required for a particular stressed region. In this technique, the stressed regions are divided into many circular divisions with its center being a spray point of the stressed region. These circular divisions would ensure a more effective dispersion of the spray. Then an optimal path is found out which connects all the stressed regions and their spray points. The paper also describes the use of methods and algorithms including travelling salesman problem (TSP)-based route planning and a Voronoi diagram which allows applying precision agriculture techniques.

Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

Abstract: Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences1–4 as well as in anti bioterrorism applications.5–7 The development of highly sensitive, cost effective, miniature sensors is therefore in high demand which requires advanced technology coupled with fundamental knowledge in chemistry, biology and material sciences.8–13 In general, sensors feature two functional components: a recognition element to provide selective/specific binding with the target analytes and a transducer component for signaling the binding event. An efficient sensor relies heavily on these two essential components for the recognition process in terms of response time, signal to noise (S/N) ratio, selectivity and limits of detection (LOD).14,15 Therefore, designing sensors with higher efficacy depends on the development of novel materials to improve both the recognition and transduction processes. Nanomaterials feature unique physicochemical properties that can be of great utility in creating new recognition and transduction processes for chemical and biological sensors15–27 as well as improving the S/N ratio by miniaturization of the sensor elements.28 Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess distinct physical and chemical attributes that make them excellent scaffolds for the fabrication of novel chemical and biological sensors (Figure 1).29–36 First, AuNPs can be synthesized in a straightforward manner and can be made highly stable. Second, they possess unique optoelectronic properties. Third, they provide high surface-to-volume ratio with excellent biocompatibility using appropriate ligands.30 Fourth, these properties of AuNPs can be readily tuned varying their size, shape and the surrounding chemical environment. For example, the binding event between recognition element and the analyte can alter physicochemical properties of transducer AuNPs, such as plasmon resonance absorption, conductivity, redox behavior, etc. that in turn can generate a detectable response signal. Finally, AuNPs offer a suitable platform for multi-functionalization with a wide range of organic or biological ligands for the selective binding and detection of small molecules and biological targets.30–32,36 Each of these attributes of AuNPs has allowed researchers to develop novel sensing strategies with improved sensitivity, stability and selectivity. In the last decade of research, the advent of AuNP as a sensory element provided us a broad spectrum of innovative approaches for the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, malignant cells, etc. in a rapid and efficient manner.37 Figure 1 Physical properties of AuNPs and schematic illustration of an AuNP-based detection system. In this current review, we have highlighted the several synthetic routes and properties of AuNPs that make them excellent probes for different sensing strategies. Furthermore, we will discuss various sensing strategies and major advances in the last two decades of research utilizing AuNPs in the detection of variety of target analytes including metal ions, organic molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and microorganisms.

Remote Sensing And Image Interpretation

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