The notion of fuzziness as defined in this paper relates to situations in which the source of imprecision is not a random variable or a stochastic process, but rather a class or classes which do not possess sharply defined boundaries, e.g., the “class of bald men,” or the “class of numbers which are much greater than 10,” or the “class of adaptive systems,” etc. A basic concept which makes it possible to treat fuzziness in a quantitative manner is that of a fuzzy set, that is, a class in which there may be grades of membership intermediate between full membership and non-membership. Thus, a fuzzy set is characterized by a membership function which assigns to each object its grade of membership (a number lying between 0 and 1) in the fuzzy set. After a review of some of the relevant properties of fuzzy sets, the notions of a fuzzy system and a fuzzy class of systems are introduced and briefly analyzed. The paper closes with a section dealing with optimization under fuzzy constraints in which an approach to...

Fuzzy sets and systems

Three-way decision and granular computing

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Lecture notes in business information processing

The concept of complex fuzzy set (CFS) and complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) is two recent developments in the field of fuzzy set (FS) theory. The significance of these concepts lies in the fact that these concepts assigned membership grades from unit circle in plane, i.e., in the form of a complex number instead from [0, 1] interval. CFS cannot deal with information of yes and no type, while CIFS works only for a limited range of values. To deal with these kinds of problems, in this article, the concept of complex Pythagorean fuzzy set (CPFS) is developed. The novelty of CPFS lies in its larger range comparative to CFS and CIFS which is demonstrated numerically. It is discussed how a CFS and CIFS could be CPFS but not conversely. We investigated the very basic concepts of CPFSs and studied their properties. Furthermore, some distance measures for CPFSs are developed and their characteristics are studied. The viability of the proposed new distance measures in a building material recognition problem is also discussed. Finally, a comparative study of the proposed new work is established with pre-existing study and some advantages of CPFS are discussed over CFS and CIFS.

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On some distance measures of complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets and their applications in pattern recognition

Three-way granular computing, rough sets, and formal concept analysis

Recently, three-way concept lattice is studied to handle the uncertainty and incompleteness in the given attribute set based on acceptation, rejection, and uncertain regions. This paper aimed at analyzing the uncertainty and incompleteness in the given fuzzy attribute set characterized by truth-membership, indeterminacy-membership, and falsity membership functions of a defined single-valued neutrosophic set. For this purpose a method is proposed to generate the component wise three-way formal fuzzy concept and their hierarchical order visualization in the fuzzy concept lattice using the properties of neutrosophic graph, neutrosophic lattice, and Godel residuated lattice with an illustrative example.

Three-way fuzzy concept lattice representation using neutrosophic set

Bipolar fuzzy graph representation of concept lattice

In recent years, FCA has received significant attention from research communities of various fields. Further, the theory of FCA is being extended into different frontiers and augmented with other knowledge representation frameworks. In this backdrop, this paper aims to provide an understanding of the necessary mathematical background for each extension of FCA like FCA with granular computing, a fuzzy setting, interval-valued, possibility theory, triadic, factor concepts and handling incomplete data. Subsequently, the paper illustrates emerging trends for each extension with applications. To this end, we summarize more than 350 recent published after 2011 research papers indexed in Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SpringerLink, and a few authoritative fundamental papers.

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A comprehensive survey on formal concept analysis, its research trends and applications

In this paper we propose a method for reducing the number of formal concepts in formal concept analysis of data with fuzzy attributes. We compute the weight of fuzzy formal concepts based on Shannon entropy. Further, the number of fuzzy formal concepts is reduced at chosen granulation of their computed weight. We show that the results obtained from the proposed method are in good agreement with Levenshtein distance method and interval–valued fuzzy formal concepts method but with less computational complexity.

Concepts reduction in formal concept analysis with fuzzy setting using Shannon entropy

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is a mathematical framework for data analysis and processing tasks. Based on the lattice and order theory, FCA derives the conceptual hierarchies from the relational information systems. From the crisp setting, FCA has been extended to fuzzy environment. This extension is aimed at handling the uncertain and vague information represented in the form of a formal context whose entries are the degrees from the scale [0, 1]. The present study analyzes the fuzziness in a given many-valued context which is transformed into a fuzzy formal context, to provide an insight into generating the fuzzy formal concepts from the fuzzy formal context. Furthermore, considering that a major problem in FCA with fuzzy setting is to reduce the number of fuzzy formal concepts thereby simplifying the corresponding fuzzy concept lattice structure, the current paper solves the problem by linking an interval-valued fuzzy graph to the fuzzy concept lattice. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm for generating the interval-valued fuzzy formal concepts. To measure the weight of fuzzy formal concepts, an algorithm is proposed using Shannon entropy. The knowledge represented by formal concepts using interval-valued fuzzy graph is compared with entropy-based-weighted fuzzy concepts at chosen threshold.

Prem Kumar Singh

Papers

Three-way fuzzy concept lattice representation using neutrosophic set

Bipolar fuzzy graph representation of concept lattice

A comprehensive survey on formal concept analysis, its research trends and applications

Concepts reduction in formal concept analysis with fuzzy setting using Shannon entropy

Knowledge representation using interval-valued fuzzy formal concept lattice