Priscila S. Souza

Bio: Priscila S. Souza is an academic researcher from University of São Paulo. The author has contributed to research in topics: Prejudice (legal term) & Arch. The author has an hindex of 3, co-authored 7 publications receiving 120 citations.

Método pilates em revista: aspectos biomecânicos de movimentos específicos para reestruturação postural - Estudos de caso

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe some of the Pilates technique's exercises under biomechanical and kinesiological considerations. Two subjects (Pilates´ technique teachers) were photographed while performing the exercises in different equipments - Mat, Cadillac, Chair and Reformer. The relationship among the articular angles - analyzed in the Corel Draw - and the muscles working eccentrically or concentrically, or that were elongated has been established. The segmental model was applied on the digitalized photos in order to locate the gravity center and the resistant torques were calculated by Dempsters anthropometric model. We concluded that there is a great variation of the resistant torques in relation to upper limbs, lower limbs, head and trunk positions in the exercises and the abdominal muscles are the main group functioning in the exercises analyzed.

Caracterização do arco longitudinal plantar de crianças obesas por meio de índices da impressão plantar

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the development of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) ofthe foot of obese children and verify the concordance between 5 footprint indexes whichcharacterize such arch. METHODS: 156 obese children, both genders, between 4 and 10 yearsold, belonging to both public and private schools of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The childrenwere classified as obese according to Cole et al (2000) and selected among 1535 studentsbetween 4 and 10 years old from 5 different schools. Afterwards, the footprints of each obesechild were collected and then the indexes that characterize the MLA were calculated: Cavanaghand Rodgers index - CR, Staheli index - IS1 and IS2, Chipaux-Smirak index - ICS, andfootprint angle - AA. RESULTS: CR, IS and ICS showed that a remarkable change in the MLAshape takes place in the transition from 8 to 9 years of age and the AA showed two transitionranges, from 6 to 7 and from 8 to 9 years of age. Generally speaking, the largest discrepancywas noticed in the IS1 classification when evaluating the MLA for those children and the CRone proved to be the most stable. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the MLA is formed later inobese children (8 to 9 years of age) comparing to non-obese children (5 to 6 years of age).Regarding the indexes, there was a similarity in the description of the MLA developmentbetween CR, ICS and AA. The IS needs more caution and its use should be restricted.

Alinhamento frontal estático do joelho e cargas plantares durante a marcha de adultos jovens assintomáticos

Abstract: Na pratica fisioterapeutica, pressupoe-se que alteracoes posturais do membro inferior influenciem a biomecânica e funcao dos demais complexos durante o movimento. No entanto, a literatura sobre a relacao entre desalinhamentos estaticos do joelho e possiveis alteracoes dinâmicas ainda e escassa e inconclusiva. Assim, buscou-se avaliar o efeito do alinhamento frontal estatico do joelho sobre a distribuicao da pressao plantar durante a marcha. Foram avaliados inicialmente 44 adultos jovens assintomaticos. Por fotogrametria digital, mediu-se o ângulo frontal do joelho, classificado como normal (170° a 175°), valgo 175°. Dado o baixo numero de valgos, foram analisados dois grupos: de joelhos normais (n=18) e de joelhos varos (n=23). A distribuicao da pressao plantar foi avaliada durante a marcha em cinco areas. Os grupos mostraram-se estatistica-mente semelhantes em todas as variaveis cineticas avaliadas em todas as areas plantares. Joelhos normais apresentaram significativa correlacao com o tempo de contato no antepe lateral e medio-pe; e os varos, correlacao com a area e tempo de contato em duas e tres areas plantares, e com a pressao integral no antepe lateral. Os resultados mostraram que o desalinhamento frontal de 3° do joelho, embora com moderada correlacao, nao influencia a distribuicao de cargas na superficie plantar durante a marcha. Sugere-se pois que a avaliacao clinica nao se limite a avaliacao articular estatica do joelho, mas inclua atividades dinâmicas.

Confiabilidade da fotogrametria em relação a goniometria para avaliação postural de membros inferiores

Abstract: Reliability of photogrammetry in relation to goniometry for postural lower limb assessment Background: Postural assessment and joint range-of-motion measurements are fundamental in diagnosing, planning and following up the evolution and results from physical therapy treatment. These can be done with the aid of goniometry – the most common method in physical therapy practice – and also, through technological advances, by means of photogrammetry. Objective: To investigate the parallel reliability of computerized photogrammetry, using two software tools (Corel Draw and SAPo), in relation to goniometry, in four angles of the lower limbs. Method: Twenty-six asymptomatic volunteers of both sexes, aged between 18 and 45 years, were studied. None of them had leg length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. The tibiotarsal angle (TT), knee flexion/extension angle (F/E), quadriceps angle (Q) and subtalar angle (S) were measured. The measurement was done first with a manual goniometer and then with digital photogrammetry by means of the Corel Draw v. 12 and SAPo v.0.63 software. Results: There were no statistical differences between the three evaluation methods for the TT (p= 0.9991), S (p= 0.2159) and F/E (p= 0.4027) angles. However, for the Q angle there was a significant difference between goniometry and the software used in photogrammetry (p= 0.0067), although there was no significant difference between two software tools (p= 0.9920). This showed that the photogrammetry results were not influenced by the software used. Conclusion: In these healthy young subjects, computerized photogrammetry showed good parallel reliability in comparison with goniometry, for all the angles evaluated except for the Q angle. Therefore, in physical therapy practice, caution is needed in using Q angle measurements coming from different postural assessment methods.

Pediatric Pes Planus: A State-of-the-Art Review

Abstract: Flatfoot (pes planus) is common in infants and children and often resolves by adolescence. Thus, flatfoot is described as physiologic because it is usually flexible, painless, and of no functional consequence. In rare instances, flatfoot can become painful or rigid, which may be a sign of underlying foot pathology, including arthritis or tarsal coalition. Despite its prevalence, there is no standard definition for pediatric flatfoot. Furthermore, there are no large, prospective studies that compare the natural history of idiopathic, flexible flat feet throughout development in response to various treatments. The available literature does not elucidate which patients are at risk for developing pain and disability as young adults. Current evidence suggests that it is safe and appropriate to simply observe an asymptomatic child with flat feet. Painful flexible flatfoot may benefit from orthopedic intervention, such as physical therapy, bracing, or even a surgical procedure. Orthotics, although generally unproven to alter the course of flexible flatfoot, may provide relief of pain when present. Surgical procedures include Achilles tendon lengthening, bone-cutting procedures that rearrange the alignment of the foot (osteotomies), fusion of joints (arthrodesis), or insertion of a silicone or metal cap into the sinus tarsi to establish a medial foot arch (arthroereisis). It is important for a general pediatrician to know when a referral to an orthopedic specialist is indicated and which treatments may be offered to the patient. Updated awareness of the current evidence regarding pediatric flatfoot helps the provider confidently and appropriately counsel patients and families.

Association between foot type and lower extremity injuries: systematic literature review with meta-analysis.

Abstract: Study Design Systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Objectives To investigate the association between nonneutral foot types (high arch and flatfoot) and lower extremity and low back injuries, and to identify the most appropriate methods to use for foot classification. Methods A search of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses), Google Scholar, and the reference lists of included studies was conducted to identify relevant articles. The review included comparative cross-sectional, case-control, and prospective studies that reported qualitative/quantitative associations between foot types and lower extremity and back injuries. Quality of the selected studies was evaluated, and data synthesis for the level of association between foot types and injuries was conducted. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) results for meta-analysis. Results Twenty-nine studies were included for meta-ana...

The typically developing paediatric foot: how flat should it be? A systematic review

Abstract: All typically developing children are born with flexible flat feet, progressively developing a medial longitudinal arch during the first decade of their lives. Whilst the child’s foot is expected to be flat, there is currently no consensus as to how flat this foot should be. Furthermore, whilst feet are observed to decrease in flatness with increasing age, it is not known how flat they should be at each age increment. The objective of this systematic review is to define the postural characteristics of the ‘typically’ developing paediatric foot. The PRISMA protocol was applied to compare all data currently published describing the typical development of the paediatric foot. The Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument (EAI) was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Thirty four epidemiological papers pertaining to the development of the paediatric foot were graphically compared. Sixteen different foot posture assessments were identified of which footprint based measures were the most reported outcome. Firstly, the use of the term normal in relation to foot posture is misleading in the categorisation of the paediatric foot, as indeed a flat foot posture is a normal finding at specific ages. Secondly, the foot posture of the developing child is indeed age dependent and has been shown to change over time. Thirdly, no firm conclusion could be reached as to which age the foot posture of children ceases to develop further, as no two foot measures are comparable, therefore future research needs to consider the development of consensus recommendations as to the measurement of the paediatric foot, using valid and reliable assessment tools.

Reliability of photogrammetry in relation to goniometry for postural lower limb assessment

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Postural assessment and joint range-of-motion measurements are fundamental in diagnosing, planning and following up the evolution and results from physical therapy treatment. These can be done with the aid of goniometry the most common method in physical therapy practice - and also, through technological advances, by means of photogrammetry. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the parallel reliability of computerized photogrammetry, using two software tools (Corel Draw and SAPo), in relation to goniometry, in four angles of the lower limbs. METHOD: Twenty-six asymptomatic volunteers of both sexes, aged between 18 and 45 years, were studied. None of them had leg length discrepancy greater than 1 cm. The tibiotarsal angle (TT), knee flexion/extension angle (F/E), quadriceps angle (Q) and subtalar angle (S) were measured. The measurement was done first with a manual goniometer and then with digital photogrammetry by means of the Corel Draw v. 12 and SAPo v.0.63 software. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the three evaluation methods for the TT (p= 0.9991), S (p= 0.2159) and F/E (p= 0.4027) angles. However, for the Q angle there was a significant difference between goniometry and the software used in photogrammetry (p= 0.0067), although there was no significant difference between two software tools (p= 0.9920). This showed that the photogrammetry results were not influenced by the software used. CONCLUSION: In these healthy young subjects, computerized photogrammetry showed good parallel reliability in comparison with goniometry, for all the angles evaluated except for the Q angle. Therefore, in physical therapy practice, caution is needed in using Q angle measurements coming from different postural assessment methods.