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Qi Zhao

Bio: Qi Zhao is an academic researcher from Kunming Institute of Botany. The author has contributed to research in topics: Phylogenetic tree & Sordariomycetes. The author has an hindex of 13, co-authored 21 publications receiving 1042 citations. Previous affiliations of Qi Zhao include Mae Fah Luang University & Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups.
Abstract: Taxonomic names are key links between various databases that store information on different organisms. Several global fungal nomenclural and taxonomic databases (notably Index Fungorum, Species Fungorum and MycoBank) can be sourced to find taxonomic details about fungi, while DNA sequence data can be sourced from NCBI, EBI and UNITE databases. Although the sequence data may be linked to a name, the quality of the metadata is variable and generally there is no corresponding link to images, descriptions or herbarium material. There is generally no way to establish the accuracy of the names in these genomic databases, other than whether the submission is from a reputable source. To tackle this problem, a new database (FacesofFungi), accessible at www.facesoffungi.org (FoF) has been established. This fungal database allows deposition of taxonomic data, phenotypic details and other useful data, which will enhance our current taxonomic understanding and ultimately enable mycologists to gain better and updated insights into the current fungal classification system. In addition, the database will also allow access to comprehensive metadata including descriptions of voucher and type specimens. This database is user-friendly, providing links and easy access between taxonomic ranks, with the classification system based primarily on molecular data (from the literature and via updated web-based phylogenetic trees), and to a lesser extent on morphological data when molecular data are unavailable. In FoF species are not only linked to the closest phylogenetic representatives, but also relevant data is provided, wherever available, on various applied aspects, such as ecological, industrial, quarantine and chemical uses. The data include the three main fungal groups (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Basal fungi) and fungus-like organisms. The FoF webpage is an output funded by the Mushroom Research Foundation which is an NGO with seven directors with mycological expertise. The webpage has 76 curators, and with the help of these specialists, FoF will provide an updated natural classification of the fungi, with illustrated accounts of species linked to molecular data. The present paper introduces the FoF database to the scientific community and briefly reviews some of the problems associated with classification and identification of the main fungal groups. The structure and use of the database is then explained. We would like to invite all mycologists to contribute to these web pages.

458 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Kevin D. Hyde, Chada Norphanphoun, V.P. Abreu1, Anna L. Bazzicalupo2, K. W. Thilini Chethana3, Marco Clericuzio4, Monika C. Dayarathne3, Asha J. Dissanayake3, Anusha H. Ekanayaka3, Anusha H. Ekanayaka5, Mao-Qiang He6, Mao-Qiang He7, Mao-Qiang He3, Sinang Hongsanan3, Shi-Ke Huang3, Subashini C. Jayasiri, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena3, Anuruddha Karunarathna, Sirinapa Konta3, I. Kusan, Hyun Lee8, Junfu Li3, Chuan-Gen Lin3, Ning-Guo Liu, Yong-Zhong Lu, Zong-Long Luo9, Zong-Long Luo3, Ishara S. Manawasinghe3, Ausana Mapook, Rekhani H. Perera, Rungtiwa Phookamsak10, Rungtiwa Phookamsak5, Rungtiwa Phookamsak3, Chayanard Phukhamsakda, Igor Siedlecki11, Adriene Mayra Soares12, Danushka S. Tennakoon3, Qing Tian3, Saowaluck Tibpromma, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Jing Yang, Xiang-Yu Zeng3, Xiang-Yu Zeng13, Faten A. Abdel-Aziz14, Wen-Jing Li, Indunil C. Senanayake, Qiu-Ju Shang3, Dinushani A. Daranagama3, Nimali I. de Silva, Kasun M. Thambugala, Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab14, Ali H. Bahkali15, Mary L. Berbee2, Saranyaphat Boonmee3, D. Jayarama Bhat16, Timur S. Bulgakov, Bart Buyck17, Erio Camporesi, Rafael F. Castañeda-Ruiz, Putarak Chomnunti3, Minkwan Doilom3, Francesco Dovana18, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni12, M. Jadan, Rajesh Jeewon19, E. B. Gareth Jones, Ji-Chuan Kang13, Samantha C. Karunarathna5, Samantha C. Karunarathna10, Young Woon Lim8, Jian-Kui Liu, Zuo-Yi Liu, Helio Longoni Plautz, Saisamorn Lumyong7, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura20, Neven Matočec, Eric H. C. McKenzie21, Armin Mešić, Daniel Miller, Julia Pawłowska11, Olinto Liparini Pereira1, Itthayakorn Promputtha7, Itthayakorn Promputtha3, Andrea Irene Romero22, Andrea Irene Romero23, Leif Ryvarden24, Hong-Yan Su9, Satinee Suetrong25, Zdenko Tkalčec, Alfredo Vizzini18, Ting-Chi Wen13, Komsit Wisitrassameewong8, Marta Wrzosek11, J. C. Xu10, J. C. Xu5, J. C. Xu3, Qi Zhao5, Rui-Lin Zhao6, Peter E. Mortimer6, Peter E. Mortimer5 
TL;DR: This study introduces a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in Dothideomycetes and introduces the new ascomycete genera Acericola, Castellaniomyces, Dictyosporina and Longitudinalis.
Abstract: This is the sixth in a series of papers where we bring collaborating mycologists together to produce a set of notes of several taxa of fungi. In this study we introduce a new family Fuscostagonosporaceae in Dothideomycetes. We also introduce the new ascomycete genera Acericola, Castellaniomyces, Dictyosporina and Longitudinalis and new species Acericola italica, Alternariaster trigonosporus, Amarenomyces dactylidis, Angustimassarina coryli, Astrocystis bambusicola, Castellaniomyces rosae, Chaetothyrina artocarpi, Chlamydotubeufia krabiensis, Colletotrichum lauri, Collodiscula chiangraiensis, Curvularia palmicola, Cytospora mali-sylvestris, Dictyocheirospora cheirospora, Dictyosporina ferruginea, Dothiora coronillae, Dothiora spartii, Dyfrolomyces phetchaburiensis, Epicoccum cedri, Epicoccum pruni, Fasciatispora calami, Fuscostagonospora cytisi, Grandibotrys hyalinus, Hermatomyces nabanheensis, Hongkongmyces thailandica, Hysterium rhizophorae, Jahnula guttulaspora, Kirschsteiniothelia rostrata, Koorchalomella salmonispora, Longitudinalis nabanheensis, Lophium zalerioides, Magnibotryascoma mali, Meliola clerodendri-infortunati, Microthyrium chinense, Neodidymelliopsis moricola, Neophaeocryptopus spartii, Nigrograna thymi, Ophiocordyceps cossidarum, Ophiocordyceps issidarum, Ophiosimulans plantaginis, Otidea pruinosa, Otidea stipitata, Paucispora kunmingense, Phaeoisaria microspora, Pleurothecium floriforme, Poaceascoma halophila, Periconia aquatica, Periconia submersa, Phaeosphaeria acaciae, Phaeopoacea muriformis, Pseudopithomyces kunmingnensis, Ramgea ozimecii, Sardiniella celtidis, Seimatosporium italicum, Setoseptoria scirpi, Torula gaodangensis and Vamsapriya breviconidiophora. We also provide an amended account of Rhytidhysteron to include apothecial ascomata and a J+ hymenium. The type species of Ascotrichella hawksworthii (Xylariales genera incertae sedis), Biciliopsis leptogiicola (Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis), Brooksia tropicalis (Micropeltidaceae), Bryochiton monascus (Teratosphaeriaceae), Bryomyces scapaniae (Pseudoperisporiaceae), Buelliella minimula (Dothideomycetes genera incertae sedis), Carinispora nypae (Pseudoastrosphaeriellaceae), Cocciscia hammeri (Verrucariaceae), Endoxylina astroidea (Diatrypaceae), Exserohilum turcicum (Pleosporaceae), Immotthia hypoxylon (Roussoellaceae), Licopolia franciscana (Vizellaceae), Murispora rubicunda (Amniculicolaceae) and Doratospora guianensis (synonymized under Rizalia guianensis, Trichosphaeriaceae) were re-examined and descriptions, illustrations and discussion on their familial placement are given based on phylogeny and morphological data. New host records or new country reports are provided for Chlamydotubeufia huaikangplaensis, Colletotrichum fioriniae, Diaporthe subclavata, Diatrypella vulgaris, Immersidiscosia eucalypti, Leptoxyphium glochidion, Stemphylium vesicarium, Tetraploa yakushimensis and Xepicula leucotricha. Diaporthe baccae is synonymized under Diaporthe rhusicola. A reference specimen is provided for Periconia minutissima. Updated phylogenetic trees are provided for most families and genera. We introduce the new basidiomycete species Agaricus purpurlesquameus, Agaricus rufusfibrillosus, Lactifluus holophyllus, Lactifluus luteolamellatus, Lactifluus pseudohygrophoroides, Russula benwooii, Russula hypofragilis, Russula obscurozelleri, Russula parapallens, Russula phoenicea, Russula pseudopelargonia, Russula pseudotsugarum, Russula rhodocephala, Russula salishensis, Steccherinum amapaense, Tephrocybella constrictospora, Tyromyces amazonicus and Tyromyces angulatus and provide updated trees to the genera. We also introduce Mortierella formicae in Mortierellales, Mucoromycota and provide an updated phylogenetic tree.

160 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Kevin D. Hyde, Danushka S. Tennakoon, Rajesh Jeewon1, D. Jayarama Bhat2, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura3, Walter Rossi4, Marco Leonardi4, Hyang Burm Lee5, Hye Yeon Mun, Jos Houbraken6, Thuong T. T. Nguyen5, Sun Jeong Jeon5, Jens Christian Frisvad7, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Robert Lücking8, André Aptroot9, Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres10, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Sinang Hongsanan11, Sinang Hongsanan12, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Nimali I. de Silva13, Nimali I. de Silva11, Nimali I. de Silva14, Kasun M. Thambugala15, Ruvishika S. Jayawardena11, Indunil C. Senanayake11, Indunil C. Senanayake12, Saranyaphat Boonmee11, Jie Chen, Zong-Long Luo16, Chayanard Phukhamsakda11, Olinto Liparini Pereira17, V.P. Abreu17, André Wilson Campos Rosado17, Buyck Bart18, Emile Randrianjohany, Valérie Hofstetter, Tatiana Baptista Gibertoni19, Adriene Mayra Soares20, Helio Longoni Plautz, Helen Maria Pontes Sotão20, William Kalhy Silva Xavier, Jadson D. P. Bezerra19, Thays Gabrielle Lins de Oliveira19, Cristina Maria de Souza-Motta19, Oliane Maria Correia Magalhães19, Digvijayini Bundhun14, Digvijayini Bundhun11, Dulanjalee Harishchandra11, Ishara S. Manawasinghe11, Wei Dong, Sheng-Nan Zhang14, Sheng-Nan Zhang11, Dan Feng Bao16, Dan Feng Bao14, Dan Feng Bao11, Milan C. Samarakoon14, Milan C. Samarakoon11, Dhandevi Pem, Anuruddha Karunarathna, Chuan Gen Lin11, Jing Yang, Rekhani H. Perera, Vinit Kumar14, Vinit Kumar11, Shi Ke Huang, Monika C. Dayarathne, Anusha H. Ekanayaka11, Anusha H. Ekanayaka13, Subashini C. Jayasiri11, Subashini C. Jayasiri13, Yuan-Pin Xiao, Sirinapa Konta, Tuula Niskanen21, Kare Liimatainen21, Yu Cheng Dai22, Xiao Hong Ji22, Xue Mei Tian23, Armin Mešić, Sanjay K. Singh24, Kunthida Phutthacharoen11, Lei Cai25, Touny Sorvongxay11, Vinodhini Thiyagaraja, Chada Norphanphoun, Napalai Chaiwan, Yong Zhong Lu11, Yong Zhong Lu26, Hong-Bo Jiang, Jin-Feng Zhang11, Pranami D. Abeywickrama11, Janith V. S. Aluthmuhandiram11, Rashika S. Brahmanage11, Ming Zeng, Thilini Chethana11, De-Ping Wei11, De-Ping Wei14, De-Ping Wei13, Martina Réblová27, Jacques Fournier, Jana Nekvindová, Renan do Nascimento Barbosa19, José Ewerton Felinto dos Santos19, Neiva Tinti de Oliveira19, Guo Jie Li28, Damien Ertz29, Qiu Ju Shang11, Alan J. L. Phillips30, Chang Hsin Kuo31, Erio Camporesi, Timur S. Bulgakov, Saisamorn Lumyong, E. B. Gareth Jones32, E. B. Gareth Jones11, Putarak Chomnunti11, Eleni Gentekaki11, Frank Bungartz33, Frank Bungartz34, Frank Bungartz35, Xiang Yu Zeng11, Xiang Yu Zeng26, Sally C. Fryar36, Zdenko Tkalčec, Junmin Liang28, Guangshuo Li37, Guangshuo Li28, Ting-Chi Wen26, Paras Nath Singh24, Yusufjon Gafforov38, Yusufjon Gafforov39, Yusufjon Gafforov28, Itthayakorn Promputtha14, Erandi Yasanthika11, Ishani D. Goonasekara11, Ishani D. Goonasekara13, Rui-Lin Zhao28, Qi Zhao13, Paul M. Kirk21, Jian-Kui Liu40, Ji Ye Yan, Peter E. Mortimer13, Jianchu Xu13, Jianchu Xu25, Mingkwan Doilom 
TL;DR: The present study describes one new family (Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora), 71 new species and twelve new combinations.
Abstract: This article is the tenth series of the Fungal Diversity Notes, where 114 taxa distributed in three phyla, ten classes, 30 orders and 53 families are described and illustrated. Taxa described in the present study include one new family (viz. Pseudoberkleasmiaceae in Dothideomycetes), five new genera (Caatingomyces, Cryptoschizotrema, Neoacladium, Paramassaria and Trochilispora) and 71 new species, (viz. Acrogenospora thailandica, Amniculicola aquatica, A. guttulata, Angustimassarina sylvatica, Blackwellomyces lateris, Boubovia gelatinosa, Buellia viridula, Caatingomyces brasiliensis, Calophoma humuli, Camarosporidiella mori, Canalisporium dehongense, Cantharellus brunneopallidus, C. griseotinctus, Castanediella meliponae, Coprinopsis psammophila, Cordyceps succavus, Cortinarius minusculus, C. subscotoides, Diaporthe italiana, D. rumicicola, Diatrypella delonicis, Dictyocheirospora aquadulcis, D. taiwanense, Digitodesmium chiangmaiense, Distoseptispora dehongensis, D. palmarum, Dothiorella styphnolobii, Ellisembia aurea, Falciformispora aquatic, Fomitiporia carpinea, F. lagerstroemiae, Grammothele aurantiaca, G. micropora, Hermatomyces bauhiniae, Jahnula queenslandica, Kamalomyces mangrovei, Lecidella yunnanensis, Micarea squamulosa, Muriphaeosphaeria angustifoliae, Neoacladium indicum, Neodidymelliopsis sambuci, Neosetophoma miscanthi, N. salicis, Nodulosphaeria aquilegiae, N. thalictri, Paramassaria samaneae, Penicillium circulare, P. geumsanense, P. mali-pumilae, P. psychrotrophicum, P. wandoense, Phaeoisaria siamensis, Phaeopoacea asparagicola, Phaeosphaeria penniseti, Plectocarpon galapagoense, Porina sorediata, Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense, Pyrenochaetopsis sinensis, Rhizophydium koreanum, Russula prasina, Sporoschisma chiangraiense, Stigmatomyces chamaemyiae, S. cocksii, S. papei, S. tschirnhausii, S. vikhrevii, Thysanorea uniseptata, Torula breviconidiophora, T. polyseptata, Trochilispora schefflerae and Vaginatispora palmae). Further, twelve new combinations (viz. Cryptoschizotrema cryptotrema, Prolixandromyces australi, P. elongatus, P. falcatus, P. longispinae, P. microveliae, P. neoalardi, P. polhemorum, P. protuberans, P. pseudoveliae, P. tenuistipitis and P. umbonatus), an epitype is chosen for Cantharellus goossensiae, a reference specimen for Acrogenospora sphaerocephala and new synonym Prolixandromyces are designated. Twenty-four new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions are also reported (i.e. Acrostalagmus annulatus, Cantharellus goossensiae, Coprinopsis villosa, Dothiorella plurivora, Dothiorella rhamni, Dothiorella symphoricarposicola, Dictyocheirospora rotunda, Fasciatispora arengae, Grammothele brasiliensis, Lasiodiplodia iraniensis, Lembosia xyliae, Morenoina palmicola, Murispora cicognanii, Neodidymelliopsis farokhinejadii, Neolinocarpon rachidis, Nothophoma quercina, Peroneutypa scoparia, Pestalotiopsis aggestorum, Pilidium concavum, Plagiostoma salicellum, Protofenestella ulmi, Sarocladium kiliense, Tetraploa nagasakiensis and Vaginatispora armatispora).

131 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An updated classification of accepted subclasses, orders of Sordariomycetes is provided and divergence times are used to provide additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa in the class.
Abstract: The previous phylogenies of Sordariomycetes by M.E. Barr, O.E. Eriksson and D.L. Hawksworth, and T. Lumbsch and S. Huhndorf, were mainly based on morphology and thus were somewhat subjective. Later outlines by T. Lumbsch and S. Huhndorf, and Maharachchikumbura and co-authors, took into account phylogenetic evidence. However, even these phylogenetic driven arrangements for Sordariomycetes, were somewhat subjective, as the arrangements in trees depended on many variables, such as number of taxa, different gene regions and methods used in the analyses. What is needed is extra evidence to help standardize ranking in the fungi. Estimation of divergence times using molecular clock methods has been proposed for providing additional rational for higher ranking of taxa. Thus, in Sordariomycetes, a divergence period (i.e. 200–300 MYA) can be used as criteria to judge when a group of related taxa evolved and what rank they should be given. In this paper, we provide an updated classification of accepted subclasses, orders of Sordariomycetes and use divergence times to provide additional evidence to stabilize ranking of taxa in the class. We point out and discuss discrepancies where the phylogenetic tree conflicts with the molecular clock.

124 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Of the 30 species in China, 20 appear to be endemic, nine were also represented in Europe, and four putatively fire-adapted species have disjunct distributions inChina, Europe and western North America.

104 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
Guo Jie Li1, Kevin D. Hyde2, Kevin D. Hyde3, Kevin D. Hyde4  +161 moreInstitutions (45)
TL;DR: This paper is a compilation of notes on 142 fungal taxa, including five new families, 20 new genera, and 100 new species, representing a wide taxonomic and geographic range.
Abstract: Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Farasanispora, Longiostiolum (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), Multilocularia (Parabambusicolaceae), Neophaeocryptopus (Dothideaceae), Parameliola (Pleosporales genera incertae sedis), and Towyspora (Lentitheciaceae) are introduced. Newly introduced species are Angustospora nilensis, Aniptodera aquibella, Annulohypoxylon albidiscum, Astrocystis thailandica, Camporesia sambuci, Clematidis italica, Colletotrichum menispermi, C. quinquefoliae, Comoclathris pimpinellae, Crassiparies quadrisporus, Cytospora salicicola, Diatrype thailandica, Dothiorella rhamni, Durotheca macrostroma, Farasanispora avicenniae, Halorosellinia rhizophorae, Humicola koreana, Hypoxylon lilloi, Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae, Lindgomyces okinawaensis, Longiostiolum tectonae, Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum, Moelleriella phukhiaoensis, M. pongdueatensis, Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi, Multilocularia bambusae, Multiseptospora thysanolaenae, Neophaeocryptopus cytisi, Ocellularia arachchigei, O. ratnapurensis, Ochronectria thailandica, Ophiocordyceps karstii, Parameliola acaciae, P. dimocarpi, Parastagonospora cumpignensis, Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei, Polyplosphaeria thailandica, Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis, Psiloglonium macrosporum, Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus, Rosellinia chiangmaiensis, Saccothecium rubi, Seimatosporium pseudocornii, S. pseudorosae, Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora aestuari. New combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis (sexual morph described and illustrated) and Pseudocamarosporium pini. Descriptions, illustrations and / or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Dothiorella vidmadera, Ophiocordyceps formosana, Petrakia echinata, Phragmoporthe conformis and Pseudocamarosporium pini. The new species of Basidiomycota are Agaricus coccyginus, A. luteofibrillosus, Amanita atrobrunnea, A. digitosa, A. gleocystidiosa, A. pyriformis, A. strobilipes, Bondarzewia tibetica, Cortinarius albosericeus, C. badioflavidus, C. dentigratus, C. duboisensis, C. fragrantissimus, C. roseobasilis, C. vinaceobrunneus, C. vinaceogrisescens, C. wahkiacus, Cyanoboletus hymenoglutinosus, Fomitiporia atlantica, F. subtilissima, Ganoderma wuzhishanensis, Inonotus shoreicola, Lactifluus armeniacus, L. ramipilosus, Leccinum indoaurantiacum, Musumecia alpina, M. sardoa, Russula amethystina subp. tengii and R. wangii are introduced. Descriptions, illustrations, notes and / or reference specimens are designated for Clarkeinda trachodes, Dentocorticium ussuricum, Galzinia longibasidia, Lentinus stuppeus and Leptocorticium tenellum. The other new genera, species new combinations are Anaeromyces robustus, Neocallimastix californiae and Piromyces finnis from Neocallimastigomycota, Phytophthora estuarina, P. rhizophorae, Salispina, S. intermedia, S. lobata and S. spinosa from Oomycota, and Absidia stercoraria, Gongronella orasabula, Mortierella calciphila, Mucor caatinguensis, M. koreanus, M. merdicola and Rhizopus koreanus in Zygomycota.

488 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology and provides a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products.
Abstract: Fungi are an understudied, biotechnologically valuable group of organisms. Due to the immense range of habitats that fungi inhabit, and the consequent need to compete against a diverse array of other fungi, bacteria, and animals, fungi have developed numerous survival mechanisms. The unique attributes of fungi thus herald great promise for their application in biotechnology and industry. Moreover, fungi can be grown with relative ease, making production at scale viable. The search for fungal biodiversity, and the construction of a living fungi collection, both have incredible economic potential in locating organisms with novel industrial uses that will lead to novel products. This manuscript reviews fifty ways in which fungi can potentially be utilized as biotechnology. We provide notes and examples for each potential exploitation and give examples from our own work and the work of other notable researchers. We also provide a flow chart that can be used to convince funding bodies of the importance of fungi for biotechnological research and as potential products. Fungi have provided the world with penicillin, lovastatin, and other globally significant medicines, and they remain an untapped resource with enormous industrial potential.

404 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An updated phylum- and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative and an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set is provided.
Abstract: High-throughput sequencing studies generate vast amounts of taxonomic data. Evolutionary ecological hypotheses of the recovered taxa and Species Hypotheses are difficult to test due to problems with alignments and the lack of a phylogenetic backbone. We propose an updated phylum- and class-level fungal classification accounting for monophyly and divergence time so that the main taxonomic ranks are more informative. Based on phylogenies and divergence time estimates, we adopt phylum rank to Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Glomeromycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota and Olpidiomycota. We accept nine subkingdoms to accommodate these 18 phyla. We consider the kingdom Nucleariae (phyla Nuclearida and Fonticulida) as a sister group to the Fungi. We also introduce a perl script and a newick-formatted classification backbone for assigning Species Hypotheses into a hierarchical taxonomic framework, using this or any other classification system. We provide an example of testing evolutionary ecological hypotheses based on a global soil fungal data set.

388 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi), and treats 19 phyla of fungi, including all currently described orders of fungi.
Abstract: This article provides an outline of the classification of the kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi. i.e. dispersed spores, mycelia, sporophores, mycorrhizas). We treat 19 phyla of fungi. These are Aphelidiomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Entorrhizomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. The placement of all fungal genera is provided at the class-, order- and family-level. The described number of species per genus is also given. Notes are provided of taxa for which recent changes or disagreements have been presented. Fungus-like taxa that were traditionally treated as fungi are also incorporated in this outline (i.e. Eumycetozoa, Dictyosteliomycetes, Ceratiomyxomycetes and Myxomycetes). Four new taxa are introduced: Amblyosporida ord. nov. Neopereziida ord. nov. and Ovavesiculida ord. nov. in Rozellomycota, and Protosporangiaceae fam. nov. in Dictyosteliomycetes. Two different classifications (in outline section and in discussion) are provided for Glomeromycota and Leotiomycetes based on recent studies. The phylogenetic reconstruction of a four-gene dataset (18S and 28S rRNA, RPB1, RPB2) of 433 taxa is presented, including all currently described orders of fungi.

381 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper reviews the 107 families of the class Sordariomycetes and provides a modified backbone tree based on phylogenetic analysis of four combined loci, with a maximum five representative taxa from each family, where available.
Abstract: Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi characterized mainly by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. The class includes many important plant pathogens, as well as endophytes, saprobes, epiphytes, coprophilous and fungicolous, lichenized or lichenicolous taxa. They occur in terrestrial, freshwater and marine habitats worldwide. This paper reviews the 107 families of the class Sordariomycetes and provides a modified backbone tree based on phylogenetic analysis of four combined loci, with a maximum five representative taxa from each family, where available. This paper brings together for the first time, since Barrs’ 1990 Prodromus, descriptions, notes on the history, and plates or illustrations of type or representative taxa of each family, a list of accepted genera, including asexual genera and a key to these taxa of Sordariomycetes. Delineation of taxa is supported where possible by molecular data. The outline is based on literature to the end of 2015 and the Sordariomycetes now comprises six subclasses, 32 orders, 105 families and 1331 genera. The family Obryzaceae and Pleurotremataceae are excluded from the class.

265 citations