Qinghua Wu

Bio: Qinghua Wu is an academic researcher from Anhui Normal University. The author has contributed to research in topics: BODIPY & Fluorescence. The author has an hindex of 16, co-authored 48 publications receiving 658 citations. Previous affiliations of Qinghua Wu include Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.

Red to Near-Infrared Isoindole BODIPY Fluorophores: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties.

Abstract: A series of high-performance fluorophores named isoindole boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) containing either symmetrical or unsymmetrical alkyl substitution patterns on pyrrole rings were synthesized by an efficient process and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses. Most of these dyes show strong, sharp absorption and bright fluorescence emission in the red to near-infrared (NIR) region (up to 805 nm in acetonitrile). Pyrrolic alkyl substitutions lead to increases in the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and an overall decrease in the energy band gaps of the dye. Among the 23 isoindole BODIPY dyes synthesized, solvent-dependent fluorescence emission and lifetime decay were only observed for those containing a 3-methyl substituent on the uncoordinated pyrrole ring, whereas little variation in the fluorescence intensity was observed for the rest of the dyes upon changing the polarity of the solvent. These resultant dyes can be further functionalized via the Knoevena...

Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Supramolecular Luminescent Sensors

Abstract: There is great need for stand-alone luminescence-based chemosensors that exemplify selectivity, sensitivity, and applicability and that overcome the challenges that arise from complex, real-world media. Discussed herein are recent developments toward these goals in the field of supramolecular luminescent chemosensors, including macrocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials. Specific focus is placed on the development of new macrocycle hosts since 2010, coupled with considerations of the underlying principles of supramolecular chemistry as well as analytes of interest and common luminophores. State-of-the-art developments in the fields of polymer and nanomaterial sensors are also examined, and some remaining unsolved challenges in the area of chemosensors are discussed.

Optical Sensing and Imaging of pH Values: Spectroscopies, Materials, and Applications

Abstract: This is the first comprehensive review on methods and materials for use in optical sensing of pH values and on applications of such sensors. The Review starts with an introduction that contains subsections on the definition of the pH value, a brief look back on optical methods for sensing of pH, on the effects of ionic strength on pH values and pKa values, on the selectivity, sensitivity, precision, dynamic ranges, and temperature dependence of such sensors. Commonly used optical sensing schemes are covered in a next main chapter, with subsections on methods based on absorptiometry, reflectometry, luminescence, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance, photonic crystals, turbidity, mechanical displacement, interferometry, and solvatochromism. This is followed by sections on absorptiometric and luminescent molecular probes for use pH in sensors. Further large sections cover polymeric hosts and supports, and methods for immobilization of indicator dyes. Further and more specific sections summarize the state of the art in materials with dual functionality (indicator and host), nanomaterials, sensors based on upconversion and 2-photon absorption, multiparameter sensors, imaging, and sensors for extreme pH values. A chapter on the many sensing formats has subsections on planar, fiber optic, evanescent wave, refractive index, surface plasmon resonance and holography based sensor designs, and on distributed sensing. Another section summarizes selected applications in areas, such as medicine, biology, oceanography, bioprocess monitoring, corrosion studies, on the use of pH sensors as transducers in biosensors and chemical sensors, and their integration into flow-injection analyzers, microfluidic devices, and lab-on-a-chip systems. An extra section is devoted to current challenges, with subsections on challenges of general nature and those of specific nature. A concluding section gives an outlook on potential future trends and perspectives.

Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers: From Molecular Design to Applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer

Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality that has shown great potential for the treatment of cancers owing to its excellent spatiotemporal selectivity and inherently noninvasive nature. However, PDT has not reached its full potential, partly due to the lack of ideal photosensitizers. A common molecular design strategy for effective photosensitizers is to incorporate heavy atoms into photosensitizer structures, causing concerns about elevated dark toxicity, short triplet-state lifetimes, poor photostability, and the potentially high cost of heavy metals. To address these drawbacks, a significant advance has been devoted to developing advanced smart photosensitizers without the use of heavy atoms to better fit the clinical requirements of PDT. Over the past few years, heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have emerged as an innovative alternative class of PSs due to their superior photophysical and photochemical properties and lower expense. Heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have been widely explored for PDT purposes and have shown great potential for clinical oncologic applications. Although many review articles about heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on porphyrinoid structure have been published, no specific review articles have yet focused on the heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers.In this account, the specific concept related to heavy-atom-free photosensitizers and the advantageous properties of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for cancer theranostics will be briefly introduced. In addition, recent progress in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers, ranging from molecular design approaches to recent innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, emphasizing our own research, will be presented. The main molecular design approaches to efficient heavy-atom-free PSs can be divided into six groups: (1) the approach based on traditional tetrapyrrole structures, (2) spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), (3) reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), (4) the thionation of carbonyl groups of conventional fluorophores, (5) twisted π-conjugation system-induced intersystem crossing, and (6) radical-enhanced intersystem crossing. The innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers and their applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics will be discussed in detail in the third section. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed to develop optimal heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for oncologic photodynamic therapy and a perspective in this research field will be provided. We believe that this review will provide general guidance for the future design of innovative photosensitizers and spur preclinical and clinical studies for PDT-mediated cancer treatments.

Bioapplications of small molecule Aza-BODIPY: from rational structural design to in vivo investigations.

Abstract: Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) belongs to a family of organoboron compounds, commercialized as fluorescent dyes by Invitrogen™. As BODIPY derivatives, Aza-boron-dipyrromethene (Aza-BODIPY) dyes display superior spectral performances, such as red-shifted spectra and high molar extinction coefficients, and are considered to be extremely attractive organic materials for various bioapplications. Therefore, scientists from different disciplinary backgrounds would benefit from a review that provides a timely summary and outlook regarding Aza-BODIPY dyes. In this review, we report on the latest advances of Aza-BODIPY dyes, along with the empirical design guidelines and photophysical property manipulation of these dyes. In addition, we will discuss the biological applications of Aza-BODIPY dyes in probing various biological activities, as well as in fluorescence bioimaging/detection, newly-emerging photoacoustic bioimaging/detection, and phototherapy together with future challenges and implications in this field. We aim at providing an insightful design guideline and a clear overview of Aza-BODIPY dyes, which might entice new ideas and directions.