Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on photonic crystal fiber with indium tin oxide film

Optical fibers have been widely applied to telecommunication, imaging, lasers, and sensing. Among the different types of fibers, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), also called microstructured optical fibers, characterized by air holes arranged along the length of fibers have experienced tremendous advance due to their unique advantages. They are regarded as a desirable platform to excite surface plasmon resonance (SPR) because of easy realization of phase matching conditions between the fundamental core mode and the plasmonic mode, which plays a critical role in miniaturization and integration of SPR sensors. In this mini-review, the current status of PCF sensors based on SPR is summarized. The theory of SPR is discussed, and simulation methods for PCF-SPR sensors are described. The important parameters including the refractive index detection range, resonance wavelength, and spectral sensitivity responsible for the sensing properties of PCF-SPR sensors are reviewed. The fabrication and the comparison of performances are also illustrated, and, finally, the challenges and future perspectives are outlined.

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Overview of refractive index sensors comprising photonic crystal fibers based on the surface plasmon resonance effect [Invited]

Ring-based coil structure photonic crystal fiber for transmission of Orbital Angular Momentum with large bandwidth: Outline, investigation and analysis

In this paper, a novel design, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been reported to support more orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes for the first time. The cladding region formed by employing the three-layer chain shaped air cavities. The OAM properties and parameters are calculated by optimizing the design of the PCF. The simulation results can support 26 OAM modes with a wider bandwidth (750 nm). The confinement loss of the most OAM modes is below average 10−7 dB/m and the nonlinear coefficient is less than 4 W−1/km. Some OAM modes with comparatively flat dispersion variation (such as 3.8684 ps/km-nm) for HE2,1 are noticed from the design. Moreover, fundamental optical characteristics have been rigorously computed by utilizing the finite element method. Now, it can be anticipated that, these excellent optical characteristics confirm the introduced design as a prominent candidate for the OAM transmission and other relevant areas of optical communications.

Photonic crystal fiber for robust orbital angular momentum transmission: design and investigation

A numerical analysis of a hexagonal PCF structure with four circular air hole rings around the core has been presented in this paper. By utilizing a full vectorial finite element method with perfectly matched layers, propagation properties such as birefringence, chromatic dispersion and confinement losses are numericaly evaluated for the proposed PCF structure. Specifically, birefringence of 2.018 × 10–2, nonlinear coefficients of 40.682 W−1 km−1, negative chromatic dispersion of − 47.72 ps/km.nm at 1.55 µm and − 21 to − 105 ps/km.nm at the telecommunication band of C-U have been reported.

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Numerical analysis of photonic crystal fiber of ultra-high birefringence and high nonlinearity.

A sensing device composed of an eccentric core photonic quasi-crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance is designed using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the sensitive materials. The ITO film is deposited on the outside surface of the fiber to excite plasmonic interactions and facilitate refractive index (RI) detection. This eccentric core structure makes the evanescent field coupled effectively with analyte to achieve higher sensitivity. The influence of RI and structural parameters of different analytes on sensor performance was calculated by the finite-element method. In the analyte RI range between 1.33 and 1.39, the wavelength sensitivity reaches 21,100 nm/RIU, and the average sensitivity of 8750 nm/RIU is achieved at a resolution of 4.739×10−6  RIU. The sensor has large potential in the detection of unknown RI analytes in the near-infrared region.

Qingyu Liu

Papers

Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on eccentric core photonic quasi-crystal fiber with indium tin oxide

A high-birefringent photonic quasi-crystal fiber with two elliptical air holes

Numerical analysis of a high-birefringent photonic quasi-crystal fiber with circular air holes