Recent advancement in the digital technology and internet has facilitated usage of multimedia objects for data communication. However, interchanging information through the internet raises several security concerns and needs to be addressed. Image steganography has gained huge attention from researchers for data security. Image steganography secures the data by imperceptibly embedding data bits into image pixels with a lesser probability of detection. Additionally, the encryption of data before embedding provides double-layer protection from the potential eavesdropper. Several steganography and cryptographic approaches have been developed so far to ensure data safety during transmission over a network. The purpose of this work is to succinctly review recent progress in the area of information security utilizing combination of cryptography and steganography (crypto-stego) methods for ensuring double layer security for covert communication. The paper highlights the pros and cons of the existing image steganography techniques and crypto-stego methods. Further, a detailed description of commonly using evaluations parameters for both steganography and cryptography, are given in this paper. Overall, this work is an attempt to create a better understanding of image steganography and its coupling with the encryption methods for developing state of art double layer security crypto-stego systems.

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Double layer security using crypto-stego techniques: a comprehensive review.

A novel image steganography algorithm based on hybrid machine leaning and its application in cyberspace security

Chaotic Based Image Steganography Using Polygonal Method

Steganography is one of the security measures employed at file level to cover information in a carrier. The goal of steganography is to send a confidential message over a network in a way that intruders will not notice it. In steganography, the message is wrapped in an innocent carrier such as image, audio or video file. There are always bits tempering in the process and this changes the looks and appearance of the carrier. The more secret message is embedded in any cover file, the more random noise occurs. Secret message bits when embedded drastically modify the Red Green and Blue (RGB) components’ bits of the carrier, hence, the statistical properties and physical appearance of the carrier change and this draws the attention of intruders to suspect that confidential data is hidden there. This research introduced an improved method of least significant bit replacement to cover secret data using 24 bits bitmap image to handle random noise efficiently so that the Human Visual System (HVS) of intruders will not notice the secret communication. The research reviewed some previous related researches that aimed to reduce the effect of random noise and research gap is identified. The research implemented the new Modified Least Significant Bit Replacement (M-LSBR) method to fill the identified research gap. Five (5) experiments were conducted with 5 (five) varying dimension RGB images and the result gathered that the PSNR value, image quality and message capacity of the new method is better than those achieved by the previous methods, hence, the research gap is filled. Finally, conclusion was drawn and recommendation for future research was suggested.

https://journals.ipsintelligentsia.com/physical-science/index.php/IJPS/article/download/2/1

A Modified Least Significant Bit Replacement: Steganography Method for Handling Random Noise Effect

Received May 28, 2022 Revised Jun 10, 2022 Accepted Jul 24, 2022 The term software defined networking (SDN) is a network model that contributes to redefining the network characteristics by making the components of this network programmable, monitoring the network faster and larger, operating with the networks from a central location, as well as the possibility of detecting fraudulent traffic and detecting special malfunctions in a simple and effective way. In addition, it is the land of many security threats that lead to the complete suspension of this network. To mitigate this attack this paper based on the use of machine learning techniques contribute to the rapid detection of these attacks and methods were evaluated detecting DDoS attacks and choosing the optimum accuracy for classifying these types within the SDN, the results showed that the proposed system provides the better results of accuracy to detect the DDos attack in SDN network as 99.90% accuracy of Decision Tree (DT) algorithm.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics

The main aim is to secure the medical records by ensuring safe communication between the sender and the receiver by adding multiple layers of security. This project is a combined approach of both encryption and steganography to give security the utmost importance. In the sender, only the authorized person can send the secret image to the receiver. In the first stage, an image steganography system is processed using confidential medical X-ray images which are hidden under the cover images. The encryption method used is based on Random Number Generator and the pixel indicator, in other words, by moving the position of the pixel in the image to encrypt the image on the transmitting side. Whereas on the receiver side, this project proposes a method to authenticate the receiver by incorporating Email Authentication and OTP Verification to decrypt the encrypted image.

R Babuji

Papers

Secure E-Health using Images Steganography