R. Edward Geiselman

Bio: R. Edward Geiselman is an academic researcher from University of California, Los Angeles. The author has contributed to research in topics: Cognitive interview & Interview. The author has an hindex of 20, co-authored 41 publications receiving 3116 citations.

Eyewitness memory enhancement in the police interview: cognitive retrieval mnemonics versus hypnosis.

Abstract: This research compared the effectiveness of three interview procedures for optimizing eyewitness memory performance: (a) the "cognitive interview" based on memory-retrie val mnemonics from current memory theory, (b) the presently controversial hypnosis interview, and (c) the standard (control) police interview. These methods were evaluated empirically in a controlled, yet ecologically valid, laboratory setting. Eighty-nine subjects viewed police training films of simulated violent crimes and were questioned individually in interactive interviews 48 hours later by experienced law-enforcement personnel. Both the cognitive and hypnosis procedures elicited a significantly greater number of correct items of information from the subjects than did the standard interview. This result, which held even for the most critical facts from the films, was most pronounced for crime scenarios in which the density of events was high. The number of incorrect items of information generated did not differ across the three interview conditions. The observed memory enhancement was interpreted in terms of the memory-guidance techniques common to both the cognitive and hypnosis interviews. Neither differential questioning time nor heightened subject or interviewer motivation could explain the results. The Rand Corporation (1975), in a comprehensive study of criminal-inve stigation processes, reported that the principal determinant of whether or not a case is solved is the completeness and accuracy of the eyewitness account. Nevertheless, eyewitness reports are known to be incomplete, unreliable, partially constructed (confabulated), and malleable during the questioning procedure (Clifford & Hollin, 1983; Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978; Wells, Ferguson, & Lindsay, 1981). The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to suggest methods to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness

Enhancement of Eyewitness Memory with the Cognitive Interview

Abstract: This research evaluated an innovative interview procedure, the cognitive interview, that was designed to aid eyewitnesses recall the details of crimes. Experiment 1 was conducted to examine the success of the cognitive interview in a nonstudent population. Fifty-one nonstudent volunteers viewed police training films of simulated violent crimes and were questioned individually in interactive interviews 48 hr later by experienced law-enforcement personnel. The cognitive interview elicited significantly more correct information from the subjects than did the standard police interview, and without an accompanying increase in incorrect information or confabulation. Experiment 2 was designed to separate the cognitive interview into its constituent parts and to evaluate the success of each mnemonic. It was concluded that all four general mnemonics contained in the interview (two increasing feature overlap between encoding and retrieval contexts; two encouraging use of many retrieval paths) are useful and should be retained. The cognitive interview is a viable memory-enhancement technique that is effective, efficient, and legally acceptable.

Effects of cognitive interviewing and practice on children's recall performance.

Abstract: In Experiment 1, a staged event was carried out that involved a private encounter between an unfamiliar man and 2 children. The results showed that questioning techniques based on principles from cognitive psychology significantly increased the number of correct facts recalled by both 7- to 8-year-olds and 10- to 11-year-olds over that gained with standard interview procedures and without affecting the number ofincorrect items generated. These results were replicated in Experiment 2 with a different staged event and with 8- to 9-year-olds and 11- to 12-year-olds. Experiment 2 also assessed the impact of a prior practice cognitive interview, and practice was found to be effective for both age groups

Remembering. A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology, Cambridge (University Press) 1964.

Abstract: Part I. Experimental Studies: 2. Experiment in psychology 3. Experiments on perceiving III Experiments on imaging 4-8. Experiments on remembering: (a) The method of description (b) The method of repeated reproduction (c) The method of picture writing (d) The method of serial reproduction (e) The method of serial reproduction picture material 9. Perceiving, recognizing, remembering 10. A theory of remembering 11. Images and their functions 12. Meaning Part II. Remembering as a Study in Social Psychology: 13. Social psychology 14. Social psychology and the matter of recall 15. Social psychology and the manner of recall 16. Conventionalism 17. The notion of a collective unconscious 18. The basis of social recall 19. A summary and some conclusions.

Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review.

Abstract: The literature on interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task, covering over 50 years and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set of 18 reliable empirical finding is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions are summarized and evaluated in view of this critical evidence and the 2 major candidate theories ―relative speed of processing and automaticity of reading― are found to be wanting. It is concluded that recent theories placing the explanatory weight on parallel processing of the irrelevant and the relevant dimensions are likely to be more sucessful than are earlier theories attempting to locate a single bottleneck in attention

The Company and the Product: Corporate Associations and Consumer Product Responses:

Abstract: Although brand theorists suggest that what a person knows about a company (i.e., corporate associations) can influence perceptions of the company's products, little systematic research on these eff...

Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review

Abstract: The current article reviews the own-race bias (ORB) phenomenon in memory for human faces, the finding that own-race faces are better remembered when compared with memory for faces of another, less familiar race. Data were analyzed from 39 research articles, involving 91 independent samples and nearly 5,000 participants. Measures of hit and false alarm rates, and aggregate measures of discriminatio n accuracy and response criterion were examined, including an analysis of 8 study moderators. Several theoretical relationships were also assessed (i.e., the influence of racial attitudes and interracial contact). Overall, results indicated a "mirror effect" pattern in which own-race faces yielded a higher proportion of hits and a lower proportion of false alarms compared with other-race faces. Consistent with this effect, a significant ORB was also found in aggregate measures of discriminatio n accuracy and response criterion. The influence of perceptual learning and differentiation processes in the ORB are discussed, in addition to the practical implications of this phenomenon. She based her identification on Smith's eyes, which she said were greenish-blue and upon his hands which she said were "light and slender" like the holdup man's. Mrs. McCormick testified that Smith's eyes were "different from most colored people ... bright and piercing." Smith's defense attorneys then attempted to parry the state's first thrust in the trial. Mrs. McCormick was handed a picture of a man she couldn't identify. It was a picture of David Charles, with shorter hair, taken while he was in Vietnam. Assistant defense attorney Kitchen asked Mrs. McCormick if she had ever made the statement that all Black people look alike. "Yes, I made that statement," Mrs. McCormick said, "and they do to a certain extent, but there's a difference here" (Lickson, 1974, p. 66). In 1971, five Black men, who became known as the "Quincy Five," were wrongfully indicted for the murder of Khomas Revels during a robbery in Tallahassee, Florida. Although no forensic evidence obtained from the crime scene was ever linked to the men, five White eyewitnesses positively identified them as among the perpetrators. In each of three trials the state argued, "What better evidence can there be than, 'I saw him,' from unprejudiced witnesses? This has been used since time immemorial. This is proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Five eyewitnesses!" (Lickson, 1974, p. 87). Despite the lack of physical evidence against these men, two of the defendants, Dave Roby Keaton and Johnny Frederick, were found guilty on the basis of eyewitness testimony and coerced confessions obtained by investigators . During the third trial involving David

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

Abstract: As an alternative to traditional juvenile courts, juvenile drug courts attempt to provide substance abuse treatment, sanctions, and incentives to rehabilitate nonviolent drug-involved youth, empower families to support them in this process, and prevent recidivism. The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored a multisite study of juvenile drug courts to examine the ability of these courts to reduce recidivism and improve youth’s social functioning, and to determine whether these programs use evidence-based practices in their treatment services. This bulletin provides an overview of the findings.