R. Glavin

Bio: R. Glavin is an academic researcher from University of Stirling. The author has contributed to research in topics: Teamwork & Usability. The author has an hindex of 5, co-authored 6 publications receiving 1407 citations.

Anaesthetists’ Non‐Technical Skills (ANTS): evaluation of a behavioural marker system†

Abstract: Background. Non-technical skills are critical for good anaesthetic practice but are not addressed explicitly in normal training. Realization of the need to train and assess these skills is growing, but these activities must be based on properly developed skills frameworks and validated measurement tools. A prototype behavioural marker system was developed using human factors research techniques. The aim of this study was to conduct an experimental evaluation to establish its basic psychometric properties and usability. Method. The Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system prototype comprises four skill categories (task management, team working, situation awareness, and decision making) divided into 15 elements, each with example behaviours. To investigate its experimental validity, reliably and usability, 50 consultant anaesthetists were trained to use the ANTS system. They were asked to rate the behaviour of a target anaesthetist using the prototype system in eight videos of simulated anaesthetic scenarios. Data were collected from the ratings forms and an evaluation questionnaire. Results. The results showed that the system is complete, and that the skills are observable and can be rated with acceptable levels of agreement and accuracy. The internal consistency of the system appeared sound, and responses regarding usability were very positive. Conclusions. The findings of the evaluation indicated that the ANTS system has a satisfactory level of validity, reliability and usability in an experimental setting, provided users receive adequate training. It is now ready to be tested in real training environments, so that full guidelines can be developed for its integration into the anaesthetic curriculum.

The role of non‐technical skills in anaesthesia: a review of current literature

Abstract: level Solving problems by reasoning Uses mental resources to create mental model of problem and to work out solution from ®rst principles Supervisor level Supervisory control Allocates attention and mental resources Resource management level Resource management Uses available resources, information, equipment and personnel to manage perioperative care of patient Fletcher et al.

Rating non-technical skills: developing a behavioural marker system for use in anaesthesia

Abstract: Studies of performance in medicine are often based on observation. Videotape provides a valuable tool for recording events from both real environments and simulators. When analysing observational data it is important that robust tools are used, particularly when investigating non-technical (cognitive and social) skills. This paper describes the method used to identify the key non-technical skills required in anaesthesia and to develop a behavioural marker system for their measurement. A prototype taxonomy was designed on the basis of a literature review; an examination of existing marker systems; cognitive task analysis interviews; an iterative development process involving workshops; and cross-checking in theatre. The resulting anaesthetists' non-technical skills (ANTS) system comprises four skill categories (task management, team working, situation awareness, and decision making) that divide into 15 elements, each with example behaviours. Preliminary evaluation using ratings of videotaped scenarios indicated that the skills were observable and could be rated with reasonable agreement.

Rating Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills — The Ants System:

Abstract: Non-technical skills are the cognitive and social skills required in any operational task involving decision making and team work, such as aviation or surgical medicine. This study identified the k...

The future vision of simulation in health care

Abstract: Simulation is a technique-not a technology-to replace or amplify real experiences with guided experiences that evoke or replicate substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner. The diverse applications of simulation in health care can be categorised by 11 dimensions: aims and purposes of the simulation activity; unit of participation; experience level of participants; health care domain; professional discipline of participants; type of knowledge, skill, attitudes, or behaviours addressed; the simulated patient's age; technology applicable or required; site of simulation; extent of direct participation; and method of feedback used. Using simulation to improve safety will require full integration of its applications into the routine structures and practices of health care. The costs and benefits of simulation are difficult to determine, especially for the most challenging applications, where long term use may be required. Various driving forces and implementation mechanisms can be expected to propel simulation forward, including professional societies, liability insurers, health care payers, and ultimately the public. The future of simulation in health care depends on the commitment and ingenuity of the health care simulation community to see that improved patient safety using this tool becomes a reality.

Teamwork and patient safety in dynamic domains of healthcare: a review of the literature.

Abstract: Aims/background This review examines current research on teamwork in highly dynamic domains of healthcare such as operating rooms, intensive care, emergency medicine, or trauma and resuscitation teams with a focus on aspects relevant to the quality and safety of patient care Results Evidence from three main areas of research supports the relationship between teamwork and patient safety: (1) Studies investigating the factors contributing to critical incidents and adverse events have shown that teamwork plays an important role in the causation and prevention of adverse events (2) Research focusing on healthcare providers' perceptions of teamwork demonstrated that (a) staff's perceptions of teamwork and attitudes toward safety-relevant team behavior were related to the quality and safety of patient care and (b) perceptions of teamwork and leadership style are associated with staff well-being, which may impact clinician' ability to provide safe patient care (3) Observational studies on teamwork behaviors related to high clinical performance have identified patterns of communication, coordination, and leadership that support effective teamwork Conclusion In recent years, research using diverse methodological approaches has led to significant progress in team research in healthcare The challenge for future research is to further develop and validate instruments for team performance assessment and to develop sound theoretical models of team performance in dynamic medical domains integrating evidence from all three areas of team research identified in this review This will help to improve team training efforts and aid the design of clinical work systems supporting effective teamwork and safe patient care

Anaesthetists’ Non‐Technical Skills (ANTS): evaluation of a behavioural marker system†

Abstract: Background. Non-technical skills are critical for good anaesthetic practice but are not addressed explicitly in normal training. Realization of the need to train and assess these skills is growing, but these activities must be based on properly developed skills frameworks and validated measurement tools. A prototype behavioural marker system was developed using human factors research techniques. The aim of this study was to conduct an experimental evaluation to establish its basic psychometric properties and usability. Method. The Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system prototype comprises four skill categories (task management, team working, situation awareness, and decision making) divided into 15 elements, each with example behaviours. To investigate its experimental validity, reliably and usability, 50 consultant anaesthetists were trained to use the ANTS system. They were asked to rate the behaviour of a target anaesthetist using the prototype system in eight videos of simulated anaesthetic scenarios. Data were collected from the ratings forms and an evaluation questionnaire. Results. The results showed that the system is complete, and that the skills are observable and can be rated with acceptable levels of agreement and accuracy. The internal consistency of the system appeared sound, and responses regarding usability were very positive. Conclusions. The findings of the evaluation indicated that the ANTS system has a satisfactory level of validity, reliability and usability in an experimental setting, provided users receive adequate training. It is now ready to be tested in real training environments, so that full guidelines can be developed for its integration into the anaesthetic curriculum.

Low‐ to high‐fidelity simulation – a continuum of medical education?

Abstract: Context Changes in medical training and culture have reduced the acceptability of the traditional apprenticeship style training in medicine and influenced the growth of clinical skills training. Simulation is an educational technique that allows interactive, and at times immersive, activity by recreating all or part of a clinical experience without exposing patients to the associated risks. The number and range of commercially available technologies used in simulation for education of health care professionals is growing exponentially. These range from simple part-task training models to highly sophisticated computer driven models. Aim This paper will review the range of currently available simulators and the educational processes that underpin simulation training. The use of different levels of simulation in a continuum of training will be discussed. Although simulation is relatively new to medicine, simulators have been used extensively for training and assessment in many other domains, most notably the aviation industry. Some parallels and differences will be highlighted.