Improving the nitrogen nutrition of maize by intercropping with cowpea

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of transamination in amino acid and protein metabolism, with a minimum of purely enzymological information A rather extended discussion of the metabolic functions of dicarboxylic amino acids and their precursors is included to arrive at a clearer insight into the metabolic interrelations of transamination and its physiological significance, which are still imperfectly understood Deamination of amino acids by carbonyl compounds has long been known in organic chemistry Classical instances are the Strecker reaction of amino acids with alloxan and similar reactions with o-quinones, satin, ninhydrin, methylglyoxid, and the like The central position of the dicarboxylic acid system in tissue metabolism is clearly demonstrated by the role of its components in respiratory hydrogen transport, in aerobic phosphorylation, in the formation, interconversion and breakdown of amino acids, in the fixation and liberation of carbon dioxide and of ammonia, in the synthesis of specific nitrogenous cell substances and end products The designation of this system as a central component of first order in the chemical integration of nitrogenous metabolism is, therefore, fully justified This conception satisfactorily accounts for the widespread occurrence of transamination and for its exceptionally high activity in certain tissues

Transamination and the integrative functions of the dicarboxylic acids in nitrogen metabolism.

Inorganic micronutrient requirements of chlorella. I. Requirements for calcium (or strontium), copper, and molybdenum.

1 Graham-Smith, G. S., Jour. Hyg., 5, 453 (1905). 2 Brumpt, E., Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 4, 514 (1911). 3Bruynoghe, R., and Vassiliadis, P. C., Compt. rend. soc. biol., 101, 150 (1929). 4Tyzzer, E. E., and Weinman, D., Am. Jour. Hyg., 30, 141 (1939). Laveran, A., and Marullaz, M., Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 7, 240 (1914). 6 Noguchi, H., and Battistini, T. S., Jour. Exp. Med., 43, 851 (1926). 7American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, Inc., Appendix Section 4, adopted June 8, 1937.

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The mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation

Organic Growth Essentials of the Aerobic Nonsulfur Photosynthetic Bacteria

The present chapter on biochemical nitrogen fixation is the first to appear in the ten volumes of the Annual Review of Biochemistry now published. The report will therefore be obliged to cover in some meas­ ure a decade of work in this field.. Attention will be focussed mainly on the last four years, with, however, no intended omission of im­ portant literature in the earlier six. Fortunately for the reviewing, the subject of biochemical nitrogen fixation, one of quite general inter­ est for the past hundred years, has made its advances more by decades than by years, so to speak, and latterly has been investigated inten­ sively by relatively few schools of workers, in particular-though by no means exclusively-by those schools abroad at Helsinki (Biochemi­ cal Institute), Brie-Comte-Robert (Pasteur Institute), Berlin-Dahlem (Biologische Reichsanstalt), Ultuna (Institute of Microbiology, Ag­ ricultural College of Sweden), and Harpenden (Rothamsted Experi­ mental Station), and in this country at Madison (Department of Agricultural Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin), Washington (former Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory), and intermittently at some half dozen state agricultural experiment stations. This cir­ cumstance of intensive localization in the study of the biochemical aspects of biological nitrogen fixation facilitates current crystallization of the main developments and controversies in the field, and evalua­ tion of the surprisingly numerous revisions of both interpretation and even observation that have transpired. With a view to ironing out many of the existing qifferences of viewpoint and conclusion, the re­ viewing has been undertaken by erstwhile representatives of both the Washington and Madison schools. Superseding corrections of pre-

R H Burris

Papers

Biochemical Nitrogen Fixation