R. J. Roark

Bio: R. J. Roark is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Stress–strain curve & Stress (mechanics). The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 1818 citations.

Formulas for Stress and Strain

Abstract: Formulas for stress and strain , Formulas for stress and strain , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Silicon as a mechanical material

Abstract: Single-crystal silicon is being increasingly employed in a variety of new commercial products not because of its well-established electronic properties, but rather because of its excellent mechanical properties. In addition, recent trends in the engineering literature indicate a growing interest in the use of silicon as a mechanical material with the ultimate goal of developing a broad range of inexpensive, batch-fabricated, high-performance sensors and transducers which are easily interfaced with the rapidly proliferating microprocessor. This review describes the advantages of employing silicon as a mechanical material, the relevant mechanical characteristics of silicon, and the processing techniques which are specific to micromechanical structures. Finally, the potentials of this new technology are illustrated by numerous detailed examples from the literature. It is clear that silicon will continue to be aggressively exploited in a wide variety of mechanical applications complementary to its traditional role as an electronic material. Furthermore, these multidisciplinary uses of silicon will significantly alter the way we think about all types of miniature mechanical devices and components.

Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope

Abstract: The vibrational characteristics of a cantilever beam are well known to strongly depend on the fluid in which the beam is immersed. In this paper, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of the frequency response of a cantilever beam, that is immersed in a viscous fluid and excited by an arbitrary driving force. Due to its practical importance in application to the atomic force microscope (AFM), we consider in detail the special case of a cantilever beam that is excited by a thermal driving force. This will incorporate the presentation of explicit analytical formulae and numerical results, which will be of value to the users and designers of AFM cantilever beams.

Method for the calibration of atomic force microscope cantilevers

Abstract: The determination of the spring constants of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers is of fundamental importance to users of the AFM. In this paper, a fast and nondestructive method for the evaluation of the spring constant which relies solely on the determination of the unloaded resonant frequency of the cantilever, a knowledge of its density or mass, and its dimensions is proposed. This is in contrast to the method of Cleveland et al. [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 403 (1993)], which requires the attachment of masses to the cantilever in the determination of the spring constant. A number of factors which can influence the resonant frequency are examined, in particular (i) gold coating, which can result in a dramatic variation in the resonant frequency, for which a theoretical account is presented and (ii) air damping which, it is found, leads to a shift of -4% in the resonant frequency down on its value in a vacuum. Furthermore, the point of load on the cantilever is found to be extremely important, since a small variation in the load point can lead to a dramatic variation in the spring constant. Theoretical results that account for this variation, which, it is believed will be of great practical value to the users of the AFM, are given. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge Operations

Abstract: The Cambridge Geotechnical Centrifuge routinely tests models made of up to 0·2 m3 of soil, at accelerations up to 125g. Self-weight effects in models and in corresponding prototypes are similar within a few per cent. Seepage and diffusion of pore water into the plane section of an unlined tunnel serve to illustrate scaling relationships. The stress/strain behaviour of soil alters with change of effective pressure p′and specific volume v. A theory of plasticity explains cohsolidation and yielding in shear at states above critical, but failures below critical state involve rupture or fracture. The range of values of a new equivalent liquidity LI5 = LI+0·5 log (p′/5)associated with yielding is 1·9