R. K. Mugelan

Bio: R. K. Mugelan is an academic researcher from VIT University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Relay & Antenna diversity. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 8 publications receiving 9 citations. Previous affiliations of R. K. Mugelan include College of Engineering, Guindy.

Implementation Challenges and Opportunities of Smart City and Intelligent Transport Systems in India

Abstract: Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is a part of Internet of Things (IoT) which gives intelligence to vehicles, Infrastructure and provides communication between them for a smart transportation. For improved safety, mobility and efficiency of the transport system a real time communication between Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I), Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V) and Infrastructure to Infrastructure (I2I) is mandatory. Real time database helps in improving the development of Advanced Traffic Management System (ATMS), Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS), Advanced Vehicle Control System (AVCS), Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO), Advanced Public Transport System (APTS), Advanced Rural Transport System (ARTS), etc. Different countries developed different models of ITS suited to their own specific conditions. There are some limited case studies and implementations occurred in India. A full fledge ITS could not developed looking into the Indian perspective. The traffic condition, vehicle management and infrastructure requirements need lot of up gradation in this respect. The major case studies referred in this are ATMS trail done across Chennai (2009), ATIS in Bangalore and Hyderabad, APTS in Bangalore, Chennai and Indore. The Bus Rapid Transport (BRT) across different places across India as an alternative to metro rail at Pune, Ahmedabad and Chennai. Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) and Advanced Parking Management are some of the application of ITS which gained certain ground across India. Ultra low power Bluetooth 5 technology, 5G Networks and Cellular IoT concept creates lot of opportunities in realizing ITS in India.

Performance Enhancement of LTE HetNet Using EVM-Based Constellation Combiner (ECC) in WARP

Abstract: Cooperative communication has been recently applied to LTE networks to enable the coverage extension and enhance the link reliability through distributed spatial diversity. In this paper, the femtorelay cooperates with the macro-base station through the amplify-and-forward protocol to enable the transmission of data from the macro-base station to the mobile station in a real-time indoor environment. This paper aims to improve the error performance of a LTE HetNet by using constellation combiner technique. At the destination end, the constellations from the direct and relay links are selected based on the minimum EVM to achieve improved BER with less computation complexity. The above-mentioned system with novel combining technique has been tested and analyzed in a real-time scenario using wireless open-access research platform (WARP) test bed.

Heterogeneous L TE Networks using Amplify and Forward Relaying with MRC Combining

Abstract: Cooperative communication has been recently applied to LTE networks to enable coverage extension and enhance link reliability through distributed spatial diversity. The error performance of a diversity system having two cooperating mobile users (designated as source and relay) and a has been analyzed. In this paper, the relay cooperates with the source through the amplify and forward protocol to enable the transmission of data from the source to the destination in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. A mathematical framework for the asymptotic analysis of this system in generic noise and interference and also the investigation of the performance of cooperative relaying over fading channel for an LTE downlink session has been done. Results show the exact Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) and Symbol Error Rate(SER) analysis using QPSK and 4-QAM modulation schemes for direct link (source to destination) and relay link with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver.

Performance enhancement of heterogeneous LTE networks using amplify and forward relaying with MRC combining

Abstract: Cooperative communication has been recently applied to LTE networks to enable coverage extension and enhance link reliability through distributed spatial diversity. The error performance of a cooperative diversity system having two cooperating mobile users (designated as source and relay) and a destination has been analyzed. In this paper, the relay cooperates with the source through the amplify and forward protocol to enable the transmission of data from the source to the destination in a flat Rayleigh fading environment. A mathematical framework for the asymptotic analysis of this system in generic noise and interference and also the investigation of the performance of cooperative relaying over fading channel for an LTE downlink session has been done. Results show the exact Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR) and Symbol Error Rate(SER) analysis using QPSK and 4-QAM modulation schemes for direct link (source to destination) and relay link with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) at the receiver.

Fault tolerant wireless sensor network for remote data acquisition

Abstract: This paper enables the personnel to monitor and acquire data from hazardous environments where the human inspection is difficult. The wireless sensor motes are developed for measuring the real-time parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure etc. Further ZigBee protocol has been utilized to enable Inter networking of sensor motes which allows the personnel to aggregate data which makes the available data more reliable. The data sensed by different motes are communicated to the cluster head. The cluster head performs data aggregation which is then communicated to the officials through GSM technology. Whenever the measured real time data crosses a predefined threshold, a complete picture of the environment is sent to the official's mobile as MMS. Failure of any node wont affect the Data Aggregation and data from the remaining node can be used to know about the Environment. The proposed algorithm is built using Atmel Processor and the results are presented.

Effective Policies to Overcome Barriers in the Development of Smart Cities

Abstract: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102175

Design and Implementation of an ML and IoT Based Adaptive Traffic-Management System for Smart Cities

Abstract: The rapid growth in the number of vehicles has led to traffic congestion, pollution, and delays in logistic transportation in metropolitan areas. IoT has been an emerging innovation, moving the universe towards automated processes and intelligent management systems. This is a critical contribution to automation and smart civilizations. Effective and reliable congestion management and traffic control help save many precious resources. An IoT-based ITM system set of sensors is embedded in automatic vehicles and intelligent devices to recognize, obtain, and transmit data. Machine learning (ML) is another technique to improve the transport system. The existing transport-management solutions encounter several challenges resulting in traffic congestion, delay, and a high fatality rate. This research work presents the design and implementation of an Adaptive Traffic-management system (ATM) based on ML and IoT. The design of the proposed system is based on three essential entities: vehicle, infrastructure, and events. The design utilizes various scenarios to cover all the possible issues of the transport system. The proposed ATM system also utilizes the machine-learning-based DBSCAN clustering method to detect any accidental anomaly. The proposed ATM model constantly updates traffic signal schedules depending on traffic volume and estimated movements from nearby crossings. It significantly lowers traveling time by gradually moving automobiles across green signals and decreases traffic congestion by generating a better transition. The experiment outcomes reveal that the proposed ATM system significantly outperformed the conventional traffic-management strategy and will be a frontrunner for transportation planning in smart-city-based transport systems. The proposed ATM solution minimizes vehicle waiting times and congestion, reduces road accidents, and improves the overall journey experience.

Selection Combining for Differential Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Over Rayleigh-Fading Channel

Abstract: This paper proposes and analyses selection combining (SC) at the destination for differential amplify-andforward (D-AF) relaying over slow Rayleigh-fading channels. The selection combiner chooses the link with the maximum magnitude of the decision variable to be used for non-coherent detection of the transmitted symbols. Therefore, in contrast to the maximum ratio combining (MRC), no channel information is needed at the destination. The exact average bit-error-rate (BER) of the proposed SC is derived and verified with simulation results. It is also shown that the performance of the SC method is very close to that of the MRC method, albeit with lower complexity

Q-FRPML: QoS-Centric Fault-Resilient Routing Protocol for Mobile-WSN Based Low Power Lossy Networks

Abstract: Considering the significance of mobile-Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) under Low Power Lossy Network (LLN) Conditions, in this paper a highly robust and QoS-Centric Fault-Resilient Routing Protocol for Mobile-WSN in LLN (Q-FRPML) has been proposed. Unlike classical routing approaches such as Routing Protocol for 6LowPAN based LLNs (RPL), our proposed Q-FRPML protocol contributes multiple novelties including received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based mobile node positioning for fault-resilient communication, proactive node management, RSSI and ETX objective functions based best parent node selection, link layer adaptive fault-resilient alternate path formation for QoS centric communication over mobile-WSNs. Q-FRPML protocol is implemented in parallel to the link layer of the classical RPL IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack that once detecting any link-outage executes best parent node selection and alternate path formation to assure reliable data delivery. In this process, Q-FRPML avoids continuous network discovery that significantly reduces signaling overheads and energy consumption. Contiki-Cooja based simulation results have revealed that the proposed Q-FRPML protocol outperforms state-of-art native RPL or S-RPL protocol in terms of higher packet delivery ratio, lower packet loss ratio and end-to-end delay under varying network or load conditions. Though, Q-FRPML protocol has been applied in parallel to the native RPL, it preserves backward compatibility and hence can be applied in real-time mobile-WSN based QoS centric communication purposes.

Factors affecting intelligent transport systems towards a smart city: a critical review

Abstract: Abstract Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is one of the basic components of a smart city (SC); however, very few studies have examined the impact of surrounding factors on the effectiveness and development of ITS. This study aims to identify the core factors affecting the development of ITS in Vietnam and as a result, form a branching database to approach the standards of SC. To achieve the stated purpose, materials are collected for research in developing and developed countries which comes from official sources including scientific articles, conference papers, books, and opinions from experts (from 2010 to 2020). This study identified 28 factors affecting the development of ITS projects. These factors are divided into 5 main groups namely the lack of undivided attention from the government, financial constraints, inadequate/incomplete transport infrastructure, the over-development of urbanization, the readiness and integration for ITS, which are analyzed depending on their influence. This study adds to the body of knowledge by offering new insights and contributes toward a greater understanding of mobility in a smart city. Furthermore, to guarantee sustainable ITS development, the digital infrastructure ecosystem should be extensively discussed. As a result, it created a useful measurement tool for government agencies, planners, and traffic system designers to help them self-assess and make action plans now or in the near future.