The primary goal of this research was to evaluate the phytochemicals, including bioactive components of Ocimum americanum extracts and assess their larvicidal potential against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The aqueous extraction process on O. americanum provides higher yield (9.61 ± 0.11%) and a significant volume of phytochemicals (tannins, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, protein, and carbohydrate) than other solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ether, and chloroform) extracts. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed about eight predominant phytochemicals/functional groups in O. americanum aqueous extract. Surprisingly, in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, about 30 bioactive components were found in the aqueous extract of O. americanum, the majority of which had previously been identified as medicinally valuable bioactive components. Furthermore, these bioactive components containing aqueous extract demonstrated significant larvicidal activity against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of A. aegypti, An. stephensi, and C. quinquefasciatus after 24 h of treatment at concentrations ranging from 35 to 50 mg mL−1. Thus, their outstanding larvicidal potential on 3rd and 4th instar larvae, the phytochemicals present in the aqueous extract of O. americanum could be used to control mosquito duplication and vector-borne diseases.

Phytochemical profile and larvicidal activity of aqueous extract of Ocimum americanum against mosquito vectors

Abstract The increasing demand for new bioactive compounds to combat the evolution of multi-drug resistance (MDR) requires research on microorganisms in different environments in order to identify new potent molecules. In this study, initial screening regarding the antimicrobial activity of 44 Actinomycetes isolates isolated from three soil samples from three different extremely cold sites in Morocco was carried out. Primary and secondary screening were performed against Candida albicans ATCC 60,193, Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25,923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14,579, other clinical MDR bacteria, and thirteen phytopathogenic fungi. Based on the results obtained, 11 active isolates were selected for further study. The 11microbial isolates were identified based on morphological and biochemical characters and their molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA sequence homology. The UV–visible analysis of dichloromethane extracts of the five Streptomyces sp. Strains that showed high antimicrobial and antioxidant (ABTS 35.8% and DPPH 25.6%) activities revealed the absence of polyene molecules. GC–MS analysis of the dichloromethane extract of E23-4 as the most active strain revealed the presence of 21 volatile compounds including Pyrrolopyrazine (98%) and Benzeneacetic acid (90%). In conclusion, we studied the isolation of new Streptomyces strains to produce new compounds with antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in a cold and microbiologically unexplored region of Morocco. Furthermore, this study has demonstrated a significant ( P &lt; 0.0001) positive correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity, paving the way for the further characterization of these Streptomyces sp. isolates for their optimal use for anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial purposes. 

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Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Streptomyces species from soils of three different cold sites in the Fez-Meknes region Morocco

The purpose of this study was to assess the phytochemical profile and antibacterial competence of Curcuma amada rhizome extract against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA). Furthermore, the phytochemicals extracted from C. amada methanolic extract were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the methanolic extract contained a significant amount of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, carbohydrates, protein, and fibre, that were not present in other solvent extracts. The fluorescence study results also confirmed the presence of these phytochemicals. Furthermore, about 70% of methanolic extract showed 6 major peaks at the wavelength of 218 nm. Similarly, the FTIR results declared stretching vibrations (O–H, C–H, — C=C, C–C, C–N, O–H and C–H) related to significant functional groups corresponding to alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, aliphatic amines and carboxylic acids. The antibacterial activity results showed that the methanolic extract could act against MRSA S1, followed by MRSA S2 and MRSA S4 strains at the concentration of 500 mg mL−1. These findings indicate that the methanolic rhizome extract of C. amada contains a significant amount of various biologically active phytochemicals with anti-MRSA activities, and thus could serve as a potential source of therapeutic drugs.

Screening and characterization of phytochemical content of methanolic extract of Rhizome of Curcuma amada and their antibacterial activity against MRSA

HPLC, GC–MS and FT-IR analysis of bioactive phytochemicals present in aqueous extract of leaf of Clerodendrum phlomidis: A further evidence for its medicinal diversity

R. Kavitha

Papers

HPLC, GC–MS and FT-IR analysis of bioactive phytochemicals present in aqueous extract of leaf of Clerodendrum phlomidis: A further evidence for its medicinal diversity