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R. P. Linstead

Bio: R. P. Linstead is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Phthalocyanine & Halogenation. The author has an hindex of 2, co-authored 2 publications receiving 193 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present paper reviews phthalocyanine pre-clinical anti-cancer research with emphasis on phthalcyanine induced apoptosis using a silicon phthalicyanine, Pc4, and a brief summary of the latest clinical results using phthalOCyanines is presented.
Abstract: Photodynamic therapy is a binary treatment now accepted in clinic for various malignancies in several countries around the world. Phthalocyanine molecules are second-generation photosensitizers with enhanced photophysical and photochemical properties over those of porphyrins. They have been shown to be phototoxic against a number of cell types and tumor models. A great deal of research has been devoted to the elucidation of their mechanism of action and mode of cell death. The present paper reviews phthalocyanine pre-clinical anti-cancer research with emphasis on phthalocyanine induced apoptosis using a silicon phthalocyanine, Pc4. A brief summary of the latest clinical results using phthalocyanines is presented.

508 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The different types of water-soluble phthalocyanines are presented and their synthesis is reviewed in this article, where the synthesis process is described in detail and the synthesis is discussed.

361 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Account highlights the development of facile and efficient synthetic methodology and on the various properties and potential applications of Phthalocyanines and porphyrins double- and triple-decker complexes over the last decade.
Abstract: Phthalocyanines and porphyrins are versatile functional pigments with a wide range of applications. These macrocyclic compounds contain four isoindole or pyrrole nitrogen atoms, which can complex with a range of metal ions. Large rare earth metal ions can bring together these tetrapyrrole derivatives to form sandwich-type double- and triple-decker complexes. Depending on the metal centers and the nature of the macrocyclic ligands, these compounds exhibit tunable spectroscopic, electronic, and redox properties, and different extents of intramolecular π−π interactions. Some of the properties of the sandwich-type complexes are unique and enable them to be used as advanced materials for various applications. Over the last two decades, a vast number of homoleptic and heteroleptic double- and triple-decker complexes have been synthesized. With improvements in synthetic procedures, researchers have prepared novel sandwich complexes that could not have been prepared by traditional methods. This Account highlights...

321 citations

PatentDOI
TL;DR: Six new aluminum and silicon phthalocyanines have been synthesized and their photocytotoxicity toward V79 cells has been studied and relative cytotoxicity values for compounds I, II, IV, V and VI have been determined.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of novel phthalocyanine compositions (or compounds) suitable for use as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Specifically, the invention relates to a series of new aluminum (Al) and/or silicon (Si) phthalocyanines having substituted amine or quaternary ammonium axial ligands attached to the central metal, and the use of these new phthalocyanine compositions for the treatment of cancer through photosensitization. Moreover, the present invention is directed to the methods of preparing these compositions for use in photodynamic therapy.

255 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Aus Halogenboranen und Organohalogenborans (RBX2∶R=C6H5, Cl, Br;X=F, ClCl, Br) entstehen with Phthalodinitril Triisoindolo-[1,2,3-cd∶1′,2′,3′-gh∶ 1″,2″,3″-kl].
Abstract: Aus Halogenboranen und Organohalogenboranen (RBX 2∶R=C6H5, Cl, Br;X=F, Cl, Br) sowie aus Organoboranen oder Thioboranen entstehen mit Phthalodinitril Triisoindolo-[1,2,3-cd∶1′,2′,3′-gh∶1″,2″,3″-kl][2,3a,5,6a,8,9a,9b]-hexaazaboraphenalene von denen die B−Cl- und B−F-Verbindungen naher charakterisiert werden. Dekaboran(14), Diboran(6) oder Boranaddukte von Stickstoffbasen liefern hingegen mit Phthalodinitril metallfreies Phthalocyanin.

238 citations