Emerged in the middle of 20th century, composite materials are now one of the hotspot research topics in the modern technology. Their promising characteristics make them suitable for enormous applications in industrial field such as aerospace, automotive, construction, sports, bio-medical and many others. These materials reveal remarkable structural and mechanical properties such as high strength to weight ratio, resistance to chemicals, fire, corrosion and wear; being economical to manufacture. Herein, an overview of composite materials, their characterization, classification and main advantages linked to physical and mechanical properties based on the recent studies are presented. There, were presented the conventional manufacturing techniques of composite and their applications. It was highlighted the tremendous need to discovery new generation of composites that should incorporate the synthetic or natural materials by implementing new efficient manufacturing processes. In the combination of matrix and reinforcement materials, the use of natural materials as constituent are compulsory in order to obtain a complete material degradable as environmentally friendly.

Recent progress of reinforcement materials: a comprehensive overview of composite materials

Nanoencapsulation of hydrophobic and low-soluble food bioactive compounds within different nanocarriers

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Progress in the field of precision medicine has changed the landscape of cancer therapy. Precision medicine is propelled by technologies that enable molecular profiling, genomic analysis and optimized drug design to tailor treatments for individual patients. Although precision medicines have resulted in some clinical successes, the use of many potential therapeutics has been hindered by pharmacological issues, including toxicities and drug resistance. Drug delivery materials and approaches have now advanced to a point where they can enable the modulation of a drug’s pharmacological parameters, without compromising the desired effect on molecular targets. Specifically, they can modulate a drug’s pharmacokinetics, stability, absorption and exposure to tumours and healthy tissues, and facilitate the administration of synergistic drug combinations. This Review highlights recent progress in precision therapeutics and drug delivery, and identifies opportunities for strategies to improve the therapeutic index of cancer drugs and, consequently, clinical outcomes. Precision medicine identifies the optimal treatment strategy for an individual patient. Such personalized therapies can be greatly improved by targeted drug delivery approaches. This Review investigates the integration of targeted drugs, in particular, kinase inhibitors, with targeted drug delivery systems.

Targeted drug delivery strategies for precision medicines

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are extensively studied nanoparticles (NPs) and are known to have profound applications in medicine. There are various methods to synthesize AuNPs which are generally categorized into two main types: chemical and physical synthesis. Continuous efforts have been devoted to search for other more environmental-friendly and economical large-scale methods, such as environmentally friendly biological methods known as green synthesis. Green synthesis is especially important to minimize the harmful chemical and toxic by-products during the conventional synthesis of AuNPs. Green materials such as plants, fungi, microorganisms, enzymes and biopolymers are currently used to synthesize various NPs. Biosynthesized AuNPs are generally safer for use in biomedical applications since they come from natural materials themselves. Multiple surface functionalities of AuNPs allow them to be more robust and flexible when combined with different biological assemblies or modifications for enhanced applications. This review focuses on recent developments of green synthesized AuNPs and discusses their numerous biomedical applications. Sources of green materials with successful examples and other key parameters that determine the functionalities of AuNPs are also discussed in this review.

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Recent Developments in the Facile Bio-Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Their Biomedical Applications.

Nanoflowers are a newly developed class of nanoparticles showing structure similar to flower and gaining much attention due to their simple method of preparation, high stability and enhance...

Nanoflowers: the future trend of nanotechnology for multi-applications

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was formulated into inclusion complexes by grinding and precipitation with β-cyclodextrin and freeze drying with pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges. Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, accelerated stability study, in vitro and in vivo release studies were used as characterization parameters. TEM studies showed that the particle sizes of different inclusion complexes of ASA have diameters ranging from 40.12 ± 8.79 to 59.53 ± 15.55 nm. It also revealed the regular spherical shape and sizes of complexes that are even unaffected after drug encapsulation. Zeta potential was sufficiently high to obtain a stable colloidal formulation. The in vitro and in vivo studies indicated a slow and prolonged ASA release from PMDA cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges over a long period. XRPD, DSC and FTIR studies confirmed the interactions of ASA with nanosponges. XRPD showed the crystalline nature of ASA decreased after encapsulation. These results indicate that ASA nanosponges formulation can be used for oral delivery.

Influence of different techniques on formulation and comparative characterization of inclusion complexes of ASA with β-cyclodextrin and inclusion complexes of ASA with PMDA cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges

R.S. Gaud

Papers

Nanoflowers: the future trend of nanotechnology for multi-applications

Influence of different techniques on formulation and comparative characterization of inclusion complexes of ASA with β-cyclodextrin and inclusion complexes of ASA with PMDA cross-linked β-cyclodextrin nanosponges

Acute and repeated dose toxicity studies of different β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge formulations.

Lipid- and polymer-based plexes as therapeutic carriers for bioactive molecules.

Systematic approaches for biodiagnostics using exhaled air.