The advent of more proactive consumers, the so-called “prosumers”, with production and storage capabilities, is empowering the consumers and bringing new opportunities and challenges to the operation of power systems in a market environment. Recently, a novel proposal for the design and operation of electricity markets has emerged: these so-called peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity markets conceptually allow the prosumers to directly share their electrical energy and investment. Such P2P markets rely on a consumer-centric and bottom-up perspective by giving the opportunity to consumers to freely choose the way they buy their electric energy. A community can also be formed by prosumers who want to collaborate, or in terms of operational energy management. This paper contributes with an overview of these new P2P markets that starts with the motivation, challenges, market designs moving to the potential future developments in this field, providing recommendations while considering a test-case.

/pdf/peer-to-peer-and-community-based-markets-a-comprehensive-2uke866akr.pdf

Peer-to-peer and community-based markets: A comprehensive review

Web services are the new paradigm for distributed computing. They have much to offer towards interoperability of applications and integration of large scale distributed systems. To make Web services accessible to users, service providers use Web service registries to publish them. Current infrastructure of registries requires replication of all Web service publications in all Universal Business Registries. Large growth in number of Web services as well as the growth in the number of registries would make this replication impractical. In addition, the current Web service discovery mechanism is inefficient, as it does not support discovery based on the capabilities of the services, leading to a lot of irrelevant matches. Semantic discovery or matching of services is a promising approach to address this challenge. In this paper, we present a scalable, high performance environment for Web service publication and discovery among multiple registries. This work uses an ontology-based approach to organize registries into domains, enabling domain based classification of all Web services. Each of these registries supports semantic publication and discovery of Web services. We believe that the semantic approach suggested in this paper will significantly improve Web service publication and discovery involving a large number of registries. This paper describes the implementation and architecture of the METEOR-S Web Service Discovery Infrastructure, which leverages peer-to-peer computing as a scalable solution.

METEOR-S WSDI: A Scalable P2P Infrastructure of Registries for Semantic Publication and Discovery of Web Services

/pdf/meteor-s-wsdi-a-scalable-p2p-infrastructure-of-registries-5aaduuzpns.pdf

Peer-to-peer trading is a next-generation energy management technique that economically benefits proactive consumers (prosumers) transacting their energy as goods and services. At the same time, peer-to-peer energy trading is also expected to help the grid by reducing peak demand, lowering reserve requirements, and curtailing network loss. However, large-scale deployment of peer-to-peer trading in electricity networks poses a number of challenges in modeling transactions in both the virtual and physical layers of the network. As such, this article provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in research on peer-to-peer energy trading techniques. By doing so, we provide an overview of the key features of peer-to-peer trading and its benefits of relevance to the grid and prosumers. Then, we systematically classify the existing research in terms of the challenges that the studies address in the virtual and the physical layers. We then further identify and discuss those technical approaches that have been extensively used to address the challenges in peer-to-peer transactions. Finally, the paper is concluded with potential future research directions.

Peer-to-Peer Trading in Electricity Networks: An Overview

This paper proposes a peer-to-peer energy market platform based on the new concept of multiclass energy management, to coordinate trading between prosumers with heterogeneous (i.e., beyond purely financial) preferences. Power networks are undergoing a fundamental transition, with traditionally passive distribution network consumers becoming “prosumers”; proactive consumers that actively manage their production and consumption of energy. The paper introduces the new concept of energy classes, allowing energy to be treated as a heterogeneous product, based on attributes of its source, which are perceived by prosumers to have value. Examples include generation technology, location in the network and owner's reputation. The proposed peer-to-peer energy market platform coordinates trading between subscribed prosumers and the wholesale electricity market, to minimize costs associated with losses and battery depreciation, while providing added value by accounting for the prosumers’ individual preferences for the source/destination of the energy they consume/produce. The decomposable structure of the multiclass energy management problem is exploited to devise a distributed price-directed optimization mechanism, providing scalability and prosumer data privacy. Receding horizon model predictive control allows the prosumers to adjust their planned power flows based on the wholesale energy price, and up-to-date renewable generation and load predictions.

/pdf/multiclass-energy-management-for-peer-to-peer-energy-trading-5013gaydyw.pdf

Multiclass Energy Management for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Driven by Prosumer Preferences

This paper offers a definition for peer-to-peer networking and makes the differences to common so called client server-architectures clear. With this definition we are able to classifiy currently existing networking concepts in the Internet either as "pure" peer-to-peer, or "hybrid" peer-to-peer or client server architecture.

http://read.pudn.com/downloads78/ebook/298686/Definition%20of%20Peer-to-Peer%20Networking.pdf

A definition of peer-to-peer networking for the classification of peer-to-peer architectures and applications

Recently peer-to-peer (P2P) configurations have found considerable interest in the Internet community. At the same time P2P has often been criticized for poor scaling behavior. We analyze P2P signaling traffic, both via analytic estimates and via computer simulation. With the help of two probabilistic approaches, we can derive an upper as well as a lower bound for the growth of P2P-signaling traffic, according to a pure peer-to-peer protocol as given e.g. in the Gnutella protocol. With the help of a simulation we are able to verify our mathematical derivations. As a result it appears, that P2P actually scales much better than predicted by more conventional theory relying on simplifying assumptions, and thus exponential growth of the messaging load in pure peer-to-peer networks must not be assumed.

R. Schollmeier

Papers

A definition of peer-to-peer networking for the classification of peer-to-peer architectures and applications

Why peer-to-peer (P2P) does scale: an analysis of P2P traffic patterns