R. W. Fessenden

Bio: R. W. Fessenden is an academic researcher. The author has contributed to research in topics: Hyperfine structure & Unpaired electron. The author has an hindex of 1, co-authored 1 publications receiving 337 citations.

Radiation Damage in Organic Crystals. I. CH(COOH)2 in Malonic Acid1

Abstract: An analysis of the electron magnetic resonance of single crystals of malonic acid that were subjected to x-ray damage indicates that: (a) the principal long-lived paramagnetic species produced by the x-ray darnage is gen atoms of this radical are oriented in the crystalline lattice in the same way as these atoms are arranged in the parent undamaged malonic acid molecule. (c) The z,x,y components of the diagonal (electron-spin) - (nuclear-spin) coupling dyadic for the proton attached to the alpha -carbon atom are found to be of the same relative sign and of magnitudes 29. 61, and 91 Mc, respectively. In this orthogonal axis system, z is the CH bond direction and x is perpendicular to the plane of the three carbon atoms. These results are in excellent agreement with theoretical values of the distributed dipole and contact hyperfine interactions and show that this molecule is a pi -electron radical, that the unpaired electron is concentrated almost entirely on the alpha -carbon and that the spin density on the in-plane sigma -proton is negative. The observed g-factors for this radical are g/sub x/ = 2.0026, g/sub y/ = 2.0035, and g/sub z/ = 2.0033 and are in good qualitative agreement withmore » previous theoretical estimates of these quantities. (auth)« less

Approximate Self‐Consistent Molecular‐Orbital Theory. V. Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap

Abstract: A new approximate self‐consistent‐field method for the determination of molecular orbitals for all valence electrons of a molecule is proposed. This method features neglect of differential overlap in all electron‐interaction integrals except those involving one center only. The parameters involved in the calculation are generally obtained semi‐empirically. The new method is known as the Intermediate Neglect of Differential Overlap (INDO) method, and may be regarded as an improvement over the CNDO method proposed in Part I, in that atomic term‐level splittings and unpaired spin distributions are better accommodated. Calculations on geometries of AB2 and AB3 molecules are reported to substantiate the proposed method, and calculated unpaired spin distributions for methyl and ethyl radicals are discussed.

Radiation Damage in Organic Crystals. II. Electron Spin Resonance of (CO2H)CH2CH(CO2H) in β-Succinic Acid

Abstract: An analysis of the electron spin resonance of x‐irradiated single crystals of β‐succinic acid shows that: (a) the principal long‐lived paramagnetic species produced by the radiation damage is (CO2H)CH2–ĊH(CO2H); (b) the radical is oriented in the crystal lattice in nearly the same way that the parent succinic acid molecule is oriented in the undamaged lattice; (c) the strongly anisotropic hyperfine interaction due to the σ proton is very nearly the same as that previously found for the σ proton in the malonic acid radical, (CO2H)ĊH(CO2H). In these molecules the σ proton is directly bonded to the carbon atom on which the odd electron is largely localized. The two methylene protons in the radical are not equivalent, and their hyperfine interactions are nearly isotropic, and in the range 80–100 Mc.

Theoretical Interpretation of Carbon‐13 Hyperfine Interactions in Electron Spin Resonance Spectra

Abstract: A quantitative theory of the isotropic electron‐nuclear spin interactions of carbon 13 in pi‐electron radicals is presented and applied to the hyperfine splittings observed in the electron spin resonance spectra of these substances. The splittings arise from sigma‐pi interactions which polarize both the 1s and 2s electrons. The 1s‐orbital spin polarization is shown to contribute a term of negative sign with a magnitude comparable to that from the 2s electrons. For an sp2 hybridized carbon atom that is bonded to three atoms, Xi (i=1, 2, 3), the hyperfine constant aC has the form aC=(SC+ ∑ i=13QCXiC)ρπ+ ∑ i=13QXiCCρiπ, where ρπ and ρiπ(i=1,2,3) are the pi‐electron spin densities on atoms C and Xi, respectively. The contribution of the 1s electrons is determined by SC and that of the 2s electrons by the Q's, where QBCA is the sigma‐pi parameter for the nucleus of atom A resulting from the interaction between the bond BC and the pi‐electron spin density on atom B. Calculations for a planar CHC2 fragment model...

THEORETICAL INTERPRETATION OF CARBON-13 HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS IN ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTRA. Technical Note Report No. 9

Abstract: A quantitative theory of the isotropic electron‐nuclear spin interactions of carbon 13 in pi‐electron radicals is presented and applied to the hyperfine splittings observed in the electron spin resonance spectra of these substances. The splittings arise from sigma‐pi interactions which polarize both the 1s and 2s electrons. The 1s‐orbital spin polarization is shown to contribute a term of negative sign with a magnitude comparable to that from the 2s electrons. For an sp2 hybridized carbon atom that is bonded to three atoms, Xi (i=1, 2, 3), the hyperfine constant aC has the form aC=(SC+ ∑ i=13QCXiC)ρπ+ ∑ i=13QXiCCρiπ, where ρπ and ρiπ(i=1,2,3) are the pi‐electron spin densities on atoms C and Xi, respectively. The contribution of the 1s electrons is determined by SC and that of the 2s electrons by the Q's, where QBCA is the sigma‐pi parameter for the nucleus of atom A resulting from the interaction between the bond BC and the pi‐electron spin density on atom B. Calculations for a planar CHC2 fragment model...

Preserving electron spin coherence in solids by optimal dynamical decoupling

Abstract: To exploit the quantum coherence of electron spins in solids in future technologies such as quantum computing, it is first vital to overcome the problem of spin decoherence due to their coupling to the noisy environment Dynamical decoupling, which uses stroboscopic spin flips to give an average coupling to the environment that is effectively zero, is a particularly promising strategy for combating decoherence because it can be naturally integrated with other desired functionalities, such as quantum gates Errors are inevitably introduced in each spin flip, so it is desirable to minimize the number of control pulses used to realize dynamical decoupling having a given level of precision Such optimal dynamical decoupling sequences have recently been explored The experimental realization of optimal dynamical decoupling in solid-state systems, however, remains elusive Here we use pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance to demonstrate experimentally optimal dynamical decoupling for preserving electron spin coherence in irradiated malonic acid crystals at temperatures from 50 K to room temperature Using a seven-pulse optimal dynamical decoupling sequence, we prolonged the spin coherence time to about 30 mus; it would otherwise be about 004 mus without control or 62 mus under one-pulse control By comparing experiments with microscopic theories, we have identified the relevant electron spin decoherence mechanisms in the solid Optimal dynamical decoupling may be applied to other solid-state systems, such as diamonds with nitrogen-vacancy centres, and so lay the foundation for quantum coherence control of spins in solids at room temperature