Rachel Murray

Bio: Rachel Murray is an academic researcher from University of Bristol. The author has contributed to research in topics: Human rights & International human rights law. The author has an hindex of 14, co-authored 94 publications receiving 842 citations.

Human Rights in Africa: From the OAU to the African Union

Abstract: Acknowledgements List of abbreviations 1. Historical overview of human rights in the OAU/AU 2. The relationship between the OAU/AU and the African Commission on human and peoples' rights 3. The link between human rights and democracy 4. The relationship between conflict and human rights 5. Women and the OAU/AU 6. Children's rights in the OAU/AU 7. Refugees and human rights 8. Development, NEPAD and human rights 9. Conclusion Appendix I. Charter of the Organization of African Unity Appendix II. Constitutive Act of the African Union Appendix III. African Charter on human and peoples' rights Bibliography Index.

The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights : the system in practice, 1986-2000

Abstract: Preface 1. Future trends in human rights in Africa: the increased role of the OAU G. Naldi 2. The reporting mechanism of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights M. Evans and R. Murray 3. Admissibility under the African Charter F. Viljoen 4. Evidence and fact-finding by the African Commission R. Murray 5. Civil and political rights in the African Charter C. Heyns 6. Implementing economic, social and cultural rights under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights C. Odinkalu 7. The challenge of culture for human rights in Africa: the African Charter in a comparative context B. Pityana 8. Non-governmental organisations in the African system A. Motala 9. The special rapporteurs in the African system M. Evans and R. Murray 10. The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights J. Harrington 11. The promotional role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights E. V. O. Dankwa Bibliography Index.

Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility

Abstract: Contents:1. IntroductionNina Boeger, Rachel Murray and Charlotte Villiers2. Corporate Social Responsibility in Law and PolicyHalina Ward3. Misappropriating Citizenship: The Limits of Corporate Social ResponsibilityJoseph Corkin4. The United Nations, Human Rights and Transnational Organisations: Challenging the International Legal OrderSorcha Macleod5. Corporate Law, Corporate Power and Corporate Social ResponsibilityCharlotte Villiers6. Varieties of Capitalism and the Learning Firm: Corporate Governance and labour in the Context of Contemporary Developments in European and German Company LawPeer Zumbansen7. Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Corporations Have a Responsibility to Trade Fairly? Can the Fairtrade Movement Deliver the Duty?Janet Dine and Kirsteen Shields8. Reflexive Governance, Meta-Regulation and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Heineken EffectColin Scott9. Locating the 'Environment' Within Corporate Social Responsibility: Continuing Problems of Legal Definition and RepresentationDavid M. Ong10. Engaging IndividualsSally Wheeler

The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: The System in Practice, 1986-2006

Abstract: Introduction: the African Charter and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights Germain Baricako 1. The African Union and the regional human rights system Gino Naldi 2. The reporting mechanism of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Malcolm Evans and Rachel Murray 3. Communications under the African Charter: procedure and admissibility Frans Viljoen 4. Evidence and fact finding by the African Commission Rachel Murray 5. Civil and political rights in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: Articles 1-7 Bronwen Manby 6. Civil and political rights in the African Charter: Articles 8-14 Kolawole Olaniyan 7. Group rights Clive Baldwin and Cynthia Morel 8. The role of non-governmental organisations and national human rights institutions at the African Commission Nobuntu Mbelle 9. A view from inside: the role of the Secretariat Fiona Adolu 10. The special rapporteurs in the African system Rachel Murray 11. Working groups of the African Commission and their role in developing the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights Bahame Tom Mukirya Nyanduga 12. Creation of a new Court of Justice and Human Rights Ibrahima Kane and Ahmed C. Motala 13. Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa Fareda Banda.

Decisions by the African Commission on Individual Communications under the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Abstract: The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, adopted by the 18th Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the Organisation of African Unity in Nairobi in 1981, which came into force in 1986, provided for a single commission with a wide range of powers in respect of the rights in the Charter. This was as a result of an initiative for an African regional mechanism for the protection of human rights by African jurists and subsequent conferences in the 1960s and 1970s, many of which were organised by the United Nations. In these debates several possibilities were raised for the form that such a body should take: from a proposal for several commissions, given the disparate and diverse cultural and political nature of African States a court, a specialised commission within the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), to a single commission. Not only was its structure contentious but also its functions, in particular whether these should include a protective as well as a promotional mandate and what such protective powers should be.

Mobilizing for Human Rights: International Law in Domestic Politics

Abstract: This volume argues that international human rights law has made a positive contribution to the realization of human rights in much of the world. Although governments sometimes ratify human rights treaties, gambling that they will experience little pressure to comply with them, this is not typically the case. Focusing on rights stakeholders rather than the United Nations or state pressure, Beth Simmons demonstrates through a combination of statistical analyses and case studies that the ratification of treaties leads to better rights practices on average. Simmons argues that international human rights law should get more practical and rhetorical support from the international community as a supplement to broader efforts to address conflict, development, and democratization.

The “Commons” Versus the “Commodity”: Alter‐globalization, Anti‐privatization and the Human Right to Water in the Global South

Abstract: In response to the growth of private sector involvement in water supply management globally, anti-privatization campaigns for a human right to water have emerged in recent years. Simultaneously, alter-globalization activists have promoted alternative water governance mod- els through North-South red-green alliances between organized labour, environmental groups, women's groups, and indigenous groups. In this paper, I explore these distinct (albeit over- lapping) responses to water privatization. I first present a generic conceptual model of market environmentalist reforms, and explore the contribution of this framework to debates over 'ne- oliberalizing nature'. This conceptual framework is applied to the case of anti-privatization activism to elucidate the limitations of the human right to water as a conceptual counterpoint to privatization, and as an activist strategy. In contrast, I argue that alter-globalization strategies— centred on concepts of the commons—are more conceptually coherent, and also more successful as activist strategies. The paper concludes with a reiteration of the need for greater conceptual precision in our analyses of neoliberalization, for both academics and activists.

International covenant on civil and political rights

Abstract: 1.1 The authors of the communication are R.I.H., born on 10 April 1971, and his wife, S.M.D., born on 15 April 1971. They present the communication on their own behalf and that of their four children, two of whom are minors: R.R.H., born on 1 January 2002, and M.R.H., born on 1 January 2003. The authors also have two adult children, Ri.R.H., born on 7 August 1996, and Ra.R.H., born on 3 April 1995.

The law of internal armed conflict

Abstract: Preface and acknowledgements Table of cases Table of treaties and other international instruments 1. The historical regulation of internal armed conflict 2. Article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions 3. Additional Protocol II of 1977 4. Customary international law and internal armed conflict 5. Human rights during internal armed conflict 6. Implementation and enforcement of the laws of internal armed conflict Bibliography Index.

European Court of Human Rights. ECHR 2015/17 Case of Temchenko v. Ukraine, 16 July 2015, no. 30579/10 (Fifth Section).

Abstract: The applicant had been arrested in 1997 on suspicion of carrying out a number of armed robberies on mini-cab drivers. He agreed to participate in identification parades but failed to attend on the day on which they were due to take place. Instead he sent a doctor’s note stating that he was too ill to go to work. The parades were rearranged and notice to that effect was sent to the applicant’s home address. The applicant did not attend the rearranged parade, stating that he had not received notification as he had changed address. A further robbery then occurred for which the applicant was arrested. The applicant again agreed to stand on an identification parade, but again failed to attend on the day that it was to take place. Following this failure to attend two more robberies were committed with which the applicant was subsequently charged. The mainstay of the prosecution’s case against the applicant would be the ability of a number of witnesses to make visual identifications and for this reason submitting the applicant to an identification parade was of great importance. In light of the applicant’s failure to attend the parades that had been arranged, the police decided to arrange a video identification. Permission to film the applicant covertly for this purpose was sought from the Deputy Chief Constable under Home Office guidelines. The applicant was taken from prison, where he was being detained in relation to another matter, to a police station. Both the applicant and the prison authorities had been informed that this was for identification purposes and further interviews regarding the armed robberies. On arrival at the police station he was invited to participate in an identification parade but refused. The custody suite at the police station was fitted with a camera which was kept running at all times and covered an area in which police officers and other suspects came and went. Before the applicant arrived at the police station an engineer made adjustments to the camera to ensure that clear images were obtained that were suitable for use in a video identification. The footage of the applicant was then used in a compilation with footage of 11 other volunteers who imitated the actions of the applicant. Two of the witnesses who viewed the video compilation picked out the applicant. Neither the applicant nor his solicitor were informed that a tape had been made or used for identification purposes and were, therefore, not given an opportunity to view it prior to its use.