Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

It is well known that regular exercise can benefit health by enhancing antioxidant defenses in the body. However, unaccustomed and/or exhaustive exercise can generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress-related tissue damages and impaired muscle contractility. ROS are produced in both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Mitochondria, NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidases have all been identified as potential contributors to ROS production, yet the exact redox mechanisms underlying exercise-induced oxidative stress remain elusive. Interestingly, moderate exposure to ROS is necessary to induce body's adaptive responses such as the activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Dietary antioxidant manipulation can also reduce ROS levels and muscle fatigue, as well as enhance exercise recovery. To elucidate the complex role of ROS in exercise, this review updates on new findings of ROS origins within skeletal muscles associated with various types of exercises such as endurance, sprint and mountain climbing. In addition, we will examine the corresponding antioxidant defense systems as well as dietary manipulation against damages caused by ROS.

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Redox Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen Species in Exercise.

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Specificity of Acceleration, Maximum Speed and Agility in Professional Soccer Players

Objetivo: Verificar a variação da pressão intraocular decorrente do uso de óculos de natação. Métodos: Nove nadadores (5 homens e 4 mulheres), com idade entre 18 e 25 anos tiveram sua PIO medida em seis diferentes momentos. Momento 1): pré teste, momento 2): após 10 minutos sentados vestindo óculos de natação, momento 3): quinze minutos após o momento 2, momento 4): após 10 minutos dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação, momento 5): imediatamente após nadar 400 metros usando o óculos de natação, momento 6): doze minutos após o termino do nado. Foi utilizado como procedimento estatístico o teste ANOVA e o pós teste de Bonferonni. Resultados: Não houve alteração significativa após 10 minutos de uso do óculos de natação (p˃0.05); não houve alteração significativa da PIO após 10 minutos de permanência dentro da piscina sem usar óculos de natação (p˃0.05); houve redução significativo da PIO (p˂0.01) imediatamente após os 400 metros de nado, retornando próximo aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o termino do teste. Conclusão: houve redução significativa da PIO após 400 metros de nado, retornando aos valores iniciais 12 minutos após o término do teste.

Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício

The production and the supply of high quality laboratory animals have fundamental importance for the accomplishment of vanguard scientific research, with reproducibility and universality. The quality of those animals depends, largely, of the available facilities for their production and lodging, to assure the demanded sanitary control and animals’ welfare, in agreement with the ethical principles that control the activity. The facilities also have to fill out other requirements, such as: the functionality of the environments to make possible the suitable and efficient handling of the animals, facilitating the execution of the routine activities; the respect to ergonomic principles to provide a safe environment and the operators’ well being. The facilities design is of vital importance so that the mentioned requirements can be reached. The project of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) Animal House Facilities was accomplished in the year of 1964. However, by that time there were not the current recommendations with respect to the sanitary, genetic and environmental controls. The facility was planned with the objective of being a production unit and a local for keeping of defined animals from sanitary, genetic and environmental point of view. Nevertheless, the original unit drawing presents an unsuitable distribution of the area where animals are stocked and also different activities are performed. The Animal House Facilities occupy an area of 840 m, with one pavement, where the production areas and the stock of original animal models of the own Institution are distributed, as well as the maintenance of animals from other national or foreigner institutions. It supplies rats and mice for biological tests of radiopharmaceutical lots, produced in IPEN, before they be sent to hospitals and clinics spread out in Brazil, for use in Nuclear Medicine. It also supplies rats and mice for tests of odontological materials, for tests with growth hormones and for researches of new pharmaceuticals and radiopharmaceuticals, among others applications. Many of the animals models produced in IPEN are unique in Brazil and they constitute, therefore, an important patrimony that should be preserved. This paper describes the activities that have been executed in Animal House Facilities of IPEN, including the refurbishment project and the adaptation of the facilities.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are recognized as predictors of the risk of obesity in adulthood. The aim of this systematic literature review was to determine the association between ...

Dietary Patterns and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review

Background: Multiple modifiable lifestyle factors are well-known contributors to many health problems. Objectives: This study aims to determine the association between latent class analysis (LCA) of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with being overweight and/or obese for children and/or adolescents. Methods: Articles were selected from six databases, without limitation regarding language or date. The review included studies that identify latent classes of modifiable lifestyle risk factors [e.g., physical activity (PA), diet, sedentary behavior (SB), and/or unhealthy behavior] by LCA to determine the association between latent classes with being overweight and/or obese. The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Owing to the heterogeneity between latent classes of modifiable lifestyle risk factors with obesity and/or being overweight, the results are described narratively. Results: Using a selection process in two phases, nine articles were included. All of the included studies were of high methodological quality. The studies were conducted in six different countries: the USA, Brazil, Canada, Portugal, Italy, and Australia. Sample sizes ranged from 166 to 18.587 children and adolescents, and in terms of age (range 5-19 years). Across study clusters characterized by low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and high consumption of fatty foods, sugar snack foods, sweets, chips and fries, low PA ( 2 hours/day), sleep time (<10 hours/day) were positively associated with being overweight and/or obese. Conclusion: Overall there is good evidence to support that the modifiable lifestyle risk factors clustered together by LCA should be novel targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities.

Latent Class Analysis of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Association with Overweight and/or Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction practices increase the capacity for concentration and attention, and these practices are particularly effective for people with breast cancer. To analyze the effects of the application of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on breast cancer symptoms. Systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out. To find suitable studies, the PubMed/ MEDLINE database was searched using the keywords "breast cancer" and "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction". Studies included were published between 2013 and 2017, written in English and showed methodological quality through the PEDro scale (score greater than 3). They also presented empirical evidence, had an experimental study design (randomized or non-randomized), and had full text available. For the meta-analysis, we used a random-effects model, with standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Seven studies were included, one non-randomized and containing only an intervention group of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, and six randomized including samples of two or three groups. The non-randomized study showed 6 points on the PEDro scale, the randomized studies of two groups 6 to 7 points and studies with three groups showed 7 points. In the meta-analysis of the two randomized studies, the results, although not significant, revealed a moderate effect for Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the outcome of fatigue, with a mean difference of -0.42 (95%CI -0.92- -0.07; p=0.09). Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction seems to be a promising alternative for treatment of this disease's symptoms.

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Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on breast cancer symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Joseph Pilates created an authentic method of physical and mental conditioning, which he called Contrology and defined as the complete coordination of body, mind and spirit. Recent studies indicate that the Pilates Method is a useful tool in rehabilitation can improve overall health, sports performance and help in the prevention and attenuation of injuries and disorders of the musculoskeletal system. Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent and costly conditions that develop gradually, presenting a chronic course and often remain untreated. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effects of the Pilates Method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders through a systematic review. Methods: An active search was performed in the PubMed, PEDro, Scielo and Bireme databases. A total of 24 studies were pre-selected and their methodological quality was evaluated based on the PEDro scale. Of these, 14 fulfilled the selection criteria. Results: The studies analyzed indicate that Pilates can be effective both for the treatment of conditions such as scoliosis, back pain, ankylosing spondylitis and breast cancer, and for preventing injuries in adults, elderly people and athletes. Conclusion: The high methodological variability requires that these studies be viewed with caution. It indicates the need for the performance of new studies with high methodological quality and standardization of evaluation instruments.

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The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

The carbohydrate influence before, during and after high-intensity training In this article it is found the most recent studies concerning the use of carbohydrates before, during and after high-intensity training. The method used was the bibliographic search and included data-base consults of Academic Google and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) using the terms: carbohydrate, train, physical exercise and glycogen. The results from it allowed us to demonstrate the importance of the high-carbohydrate diets in order to maintain the glycemia and to better store the muscular and hepatic glycogen. High reserves of muscular glycogen result in a higher level of energy for the organism and often help postponing the beginning of muscular fatigue. In moderate strain within prolonged time intervals, or in physical exercises of high intensity but reduced in time , the depletion of muscular glycogen reserves is high, worsening the physical performance, hypoglycemia and even dehydration.

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Rafaela Liberali

Papers

Dietary Patterns and Childhood Obesity Risk: A Systematic Review

Latent Class Analysis of Lifestyle Risk Factors and Association with Overweight and/or Obesity in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on breast cancer symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis.

The Pilates method in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review

A influência dos carboidratos antes, durante e após-treinos de alta intensidade