The measurement of meaning

語用論(Pragmatics)を考える

Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey

Thank you very much for downloading learning vocabulary in another language. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this learning vocabulary in another language, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their laptop. learning vocabulary in another language is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the learning vocabulary in another language is universally compatible with any devices to read.

Learning Vocabulary In Another Language

THE BETTER ANGELS OF OUR NATURE: WHY VIOLENCE HAS DECLINED. Steven Pinker, Penguin, New York, NY 2011. ISBN 978-0-670-02295-3.There's been a shooting in a Sikh Temple this morning. A lone gunman entered a Colorado theater and opened fire. Syrians are now engaged in civil war. Faced with daily news stories of death and destruction, it is easy to believe that things are getting worse. Not so, explains Harvard psychologist, Steven Pinker in his new work, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence has Declined.Pinker combines in-depth historical research with rigorous psychological research to argue the case for a decline in global violence. As Pinker aptly points out, many people look at our age as one of unprecedented violence and terror to be viewed with pessimism. Drawing on historical analysis, psychological research and findings from related sciences such as anthropology, sociology, and economics Pinker argues that the data paint a very different picture. In the first chapter, Pinker takes the reader on a quick journey through the history of the world pointing out that the ancient and medieval worlds were very different than the world we live in today. Numerous prehistoric skeletons bear evidence of very violent deaths. Ancient people destroyed entire tribes. Romans carried out violent executions. Medieval Knights led lies of violence and other Europeans meted out horrendous punishments for acts which might not even be judged worthy of condemnation in today's democracies. Finally, the early 20th century saw two World Wars before the long peace ensued. In light of that history, Pinker argues that perhaps we should reconsider our assumptions about our own world.In the first section of the book, Pinker identifies six historical trends which could have led to declines in violence. The first trend he calls the Pacification Process by which people gave up nomadic hunting and gathering lives for lives of agriculture in cities. Competition and anarchy in the prehistoric world made violence necessary for survival. The development of agriculture called for greater cooperation between individuals and the formation of governments to impose order created a world where violence was not always in one's best interest. Statistical analysis supports the idea that the emergence of states lead to a decline in violence. The second trend, the Civilizing Process, is an idea he developed from the work of Norbert Elias. In the late medieval and early modern periods, etiquette and social norms began to be important in social interactions, economics and technology began to advance, and governments began to become more centralized. This trend was also accompanied by a decline in violence. The third trend is the Humanitarian Revolution during which people began to increasingly find practices, such as torture, capital punishment, war and slavery, morally questionable. Empathy, compassion, and peace became important characteristics. The fourth trend is the Long Peace, which stems from the realization that since World War II no two major world powers have gone to war and, in spite of predictions to the contrary, nuclear weapons have never been used. …

The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined

This paper presents a novel approach to the estimation of user's affective states in Human-Computer Interaction. Most of the present approaches divide emotions strictly between positive or negative. However, recent discoveries in the field of Emotional Intelligence show that emotions should be rather perceived as context-sensitive engagements with the world. This leads to a need to specify whether the emotions conveyed in a conversation are appropriate for a situation they are expressed in. In the proposed method we use a system for affect analysis on textual input to recognize users emotions and a Web mining technique to verify the contextual appropriateness of those emotions. On this basis a conversational agent can choose to either sympathize with the user or help them manage their emotions. Finally, the results of evaluation of the proposed method with two different conversational agents are discussed, and perspectives for further development of the method are proposed.

/pdf/towards-context-aware-emotional-intelligence-in-machines-mw74qpiqfu.pdf

Towards context aware emotional intelligence in machines: computing contextual appropriateness of affective states

This paper presents CAO, a system for affect analysis of emoticons in Japanese online communication. Emoticons are strings of symbols widely used in text-based online communication to convey user emotions. The presented system extracts emoticons from input and determines the specific emotion types they express with a three-step procedure. First, it matches the extracted emoticons to a predetermined raw emoticon database. The database contains over 10,000 emoticon samples extracted from the Web and annotated automatically. The emoticons for which emotion types could not be determined using only this database, are automatically divided into semantic areas representing “mouths” or “eyes,” based on the idea of kinemes from the theory of kinesics. The areas are automatically annotated according to their co-occurrence in the database. The annotation is first based on the eye-mouth-eye triplet, and if no such triplet is found, all semantic areas are estimated separately. This provides hints about potential groups of expressed emotions, giving the system coverage exceeding 3 million possibilities. The evaluation, performed on both training and test sets, confirmed the system's capability to sufficiently detect and extract any emoticon, analyze its semantic structure, and estimate the potential emotion types expressed. The system achieved nearly ideal scores, outperforming existing emoticon analysis systems.

CAO: A Fully Automatic Emoticon Analysis System Based on Theory of Kinesics

In this paper we present a textual dialogue system that uses word associations retrieved from the Web to create propositions. We also show experiment results for the role of modality generation. The proposed system automatically extracts sets of words related to a conversation topic set freely by a user. After the extraction process, it generates an utterance, adds a modality and verifies the semantic reliability of the proposed sentence. We evaluate word associations extracted form the Web, and the results of adding modality. Over 80% of the extracted word associations were evaluated as correct. Adding modality improved the system significantly for all evaluation criteria. We also show how our system can be used as a simple and expandable platform for almost any kind of experiment with human-computer textual conversation in Japanese. Two examples with affect analysis and humor generation are given.

/pdf/a-casual-conversation-system-using-modality-and-word-48x7d3palh.pdf

A Casual Conversation System Using Modality and Word Associations Retrieved from the Web

In this paper we will introduce our approach to the ethical issue of machine intelligence which we developed during our experiments with automatic common sense retrieval and affective computing for open-domain talking systems. As we are preparing for applying our ideas for the real-world applications as housework robots, we have to assure safety of the users and the system. We are building algorithms which use Web-based knowledge to become independent from the programmer. For achieving that we use automatic common sense knowledge retrieval which allows to calculate the common consequences of actions and average emotional load of those

https://www.aaai.org/Papers/Symposia/Fall/2005/FS-05-06/FS05-06-013.pdf

What Statistics Could Do for Ethics? : The Idea of Common Sense Processing Based Safety Valve

This paper contains the results of evaluation experiments conducted to investigate if implementation of a pun generator into a non-task oriented talking system improves the latter's performance. We constructed a simple joking conversational system and conducted one user evaluation experiment and two third person evaluation experiments. The results showed that humor does have a positive influence on the dialogue between humans and computers. The implications of this fact and problems that occurred during the research are discussed. We also propose how they can be solved in the future.

Rafal Rzepka

Papers

Towards context aware emotional intelligence in machines: computing contextual appropriateness of affective states

CAO: A Fully Automatic Emoticon Analysis System Based on Theory of Kinesics

A Casual Conversation System Using Modality and Word Associations Retrieved from the Web

What Statistics Could Do for Ethics? : The Idea of Common Sense Processing Based Safety Valve

Humor Prevails! - Implementing a Joke Generator into a Conversational System