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Raghuveer N. Moudgal

Bio: Raghuveer N. Moudgal is an academic researcher from Indian Institute of Science. The author has contributed to research in topics: Estrogen & Luteinizing hormone. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 7 publications receiving 391 citations.

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These studies with aromatase inhibitors in the monkey suggest that these compounds have a potential for use as fertility regulating agents in both the male and female primate.

311 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate a critical need for estrogen during the peri-implantation period for successful pregnancy establishment in primates, and demonstrate that the pregnancy termination rate in 10 of 13 monkeys treated during post-infection period when compared with normal post-infection pregnancy wastage in their colony (2%) is highly significant.

25 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that in monkeys and men, lack of FSH signaling results in production of sperm that exhibit defective chromatin packaging and reduction in acrosomal glycoprotein content, similar to that exhibited by sperm of some class of infertile men.
Abstract: The quality of sperm ejaculated by bonnet monkeys and normal, healthy proven fertile volunteer men, both actively immunized with ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (oFSH), was examined at different times of study for chromatin packaging and acrosomal glycoprotein concentration by flow cytometry. Susceptibility of sperm nuclear DNA to dithiothreitol (DTT)-induced decondensation, as measured by ethidium bromide binding, was markedly high compared with values at day 0 in men and monkeys during periods when FSH antibody titer was high. Sperm chromatin structure assay yields alphat values, which is another index of chromatin packaging. Higher alphat values, signifying poor packaging, occurred in both species following immunization with heterologous pituitary FSH. The binding of fluorosceinated pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA-FITC) to acrosome of sperm of monkeys and men was significantly low, compared with values at day 0 (control) during periods when cross-reactive FSH antibody titer was high and endogenous FSH was not detectable. Blockade of FSH function in monkeys by active immunization with a recombinant oFSH receptor protein corresponding to a naturally occurring messenger RNA (mRNA) also resulted in production of sperm with similar defects in chromatin packaging and reduced acrosomal glycoprotein concentration. Thus, it appears that in monkeys and men, lack of FSH signaling results in production of sperm that exhibit defective chromatin packaging and reduction in acrosomal glycoprotein content. These characteristics are similar to that exhibited by sperm of some class of infertile men. Interestingly, these alterations in sperm quality occur well ahead of decreased sperm counts in the ejaculate.

19 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Intranasal spray of NET in adult cycling female monkeys between days 5 and 14 resulted in shortening of the menstrual cycle; this could be ascribed to a decrease in serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, 17 beta-estradiol, and P levels.

15 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an increase in serum and ovarian steroid levels and the induction of ovulation following pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and ovine luteinizing hormone (LH) supplementation were used for assessing ovarian function.

11 citations


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review summarizes the current knowledge on the localization of estrogen receptors and aromatase in the testis in an effort to understand the likely sites of estrogen action.
Abstract: Although it has been known for many years that estrogen administration has deleterious effects on male fertility, data from transgenic mice deficient in estrogen receptors or aromatase point to an essential physiological role for estrogen in male fertility. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the localization of estrogen receptors and aromatase in the testis in an effort to understand the likely sites of estrogen action. The review also discusses the many studies that have used models employing the administration of estrogenic substances to show that male fertility is responsive to estrogen, thus providing a mechanism by which inappropriate exposure to estrogenic substances may cause adverse effects on spermatogenesis and male fertility. The reproductive phenotypes of mice deficient in estrogen receptors alpha and/or beta and aromatase are also compared to evaluate the physiological role of estrogen in male fertility. The review focuses on the effects of estrogen administration or deprivation, primarily in rodents, on the hypothalamo-pituitary-testis axis, testicular function (including Leydig cell, Sertoli cell, and germ cell development and function), and in the development and function of the efferent ductules and epididymis. The requirement for estrogen in normal male sexual behavior is also reviewed, along with the somewhat limited data on the fertility of men who lack either the capacity to produce or respond to estrogen. This review highlights the ability of exogenous estrogen exposure to perturb spermatogenesis and male fertility, as well as the emerging physiological role of estrogens in male fertility, suggesting that, in this local context, estrogenic substances should also be considered "male hormones."

741 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oral administration of the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is effective for ovulation induction in anovulatory infertility and for increased follicle recruitment in ovulatory infertility.

739 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The combination of low-dose FSH with tamoxifen (TamFSH-IVF) or letrozole (Letrozoles- IVF) results in higher embryo yield compared with Tam-IVf, and the letroZole protocol may be preferred because it results in lower peak E2 levels.
Abstract: Purpose To develop safe ovarian stimulation methods to perform in vitro fertilization (IVF) in breast cancer patients who wish to preserve their fertility via embryo cryopreservation before chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Sixty women (age range, 24 to 43 years) with breast cancer were prospectively studied. Twenty-nine patients underwent 33 ovarian stimulation cycles with either tamoxifen 60 mg/d alone (Tam-IVF) or in combination with low-dose follicle-stimulating hormone (TamFSH-IVF) or letrozole 5 mg in combination with FSH (Letrozole-IVF). After IVF, all resultant embryos were cryopreserved to preserve fertility. Recurrence rates were compared with controls (n 31) who elected not to undergo IVF. Results Compared with Tam-IVF, both TamFSH-IVF and Letrozole-IVF patients had greater numbers of follicles (2 0.3 v 6 1 and 7.8 0.9, respectively; P .0001), mature oocytes (1.5 0.3 v 5.1 1.1 and 8.5 1.6, respectively; P .001), and embryos (1.3 0.2 v 3.8 0.8 and 5.3 0.8, respectively; P .001). Peak estradiol (E2) levels were lower with Letrozole-IVF and Tam-IVF compared with TamFSH-IVF. After 554 31 days (range, 153 to 1,441 days) of follow-up, cancer recurrence rate was similar between IVF and control patients (three of 29 v three of 31 patients, respectively; hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.29 to 7.4), and this estimate was not affected by cancer stage. Conclusion The combination of low-dose FSH with tamoxifen (TamFSH-IVF) or letrozole (Letrozole-IVF) results in higher embryo yield compared with Tam-IVF. Recurrence rates do not seem to be increased, but the letrozole protocol may be preferred because it results in lower peak E2 levels.

485 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive algorithm to manage fertility preservation through an individualized approach is presented and all current, emerging, experimental as well as controversial approaches are reviewed.
Abstract: In the USA alone, >650 000 women will be afflicted by cancer in 2003, and 8% of these cases will be aged <40 years. Due to improvements in cancer therapy, cure rates of both adult and childhood cancers increased significantly over the past three decades. However, long-term consequences of cancer therapy and impact on quality of life are now being recognized. One of the major sequelae of cytotoxic chemotherapy is gonadal failure. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are not only used to treat malignant diseases, but also non-malignant systemic conditions. Upon reviewing the extent and mechanism of gonadal damage due to chemo-/radiotherapy, this article discusses indications and the wide range of methods of fertility preservation in a comprehensive manner. All current, emerging, experimental as well as controversial approaches are reviewed. A comprehensive algorithm to manage fertility preservation through an individualized approach is presented.

464 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The scientific background to current approaches to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization is reviewed and the development, application, and consequences of ovarian stimulation strategies are reviewed in detail.
Abstract: To allow selection of embryos for transfer after in vitro fertilization, ovarian stimulation is usually carried out with exogenous gonadotropins To compensate for changes induced by stimulation, GnRH analog cotreatment, oral contraceptive pretreatment, late follicular phase human chorionic gonadotropin, and luteal phase progesterone supplementation are usually added These approaches render ovarian stimulation complex and costly The stimulation of multiple follicular development disrupts the physiology of follicular development, with consequences for the oocyte, embryo, and endometrium In recent years, recombinant gonadotropin preparations have become available, and novel stimulation protocols with less detrimental effects have been developed In this article, the scientific background to current approaches to ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization is reviewed After a brief discussion of the relevant aspect of ovarian physiology, the development, application, and consequences of ovarian stimulation strategies are reviewed in detail

460 citations