With prevalent attacks in communication, sharing a secret between communicating parties is an ongoing challenge. Moreover, it is important to integrate quantum solutions with classical secret sharing schemes with low computational cost for the real world use. This paper proposes a novel hybrid threshold adaptable quantum secret sharing scheme, using an m-bonacci orbital angular momentum (OAM) pump, Lagrange interpolation polynomials, and reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding. To be exact, we employ entangled states prepared by m -bonacci sequences to detect eavesdropping. Meanwhile, we encode m -bonacci sequences in Lagrange interpolation polynomials to generate the shares of a secret with reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding. The advantages of the proposed scheme is that it can detect eavesdropping without joint quantum operations, and permits secret sharing for an arbitrary but no less than threshold-value number of classical participants with much lower bandwidth. Also, in comparison with existing quantum secret sharing schemes, it still works when there are dynamic changes, such as the unavailability of some quantum channel, the arrival of new participants and the departure of participants. Finally, we provide security analysis of the new hybrid quantum secret sharing scheme and discuss its useful features for modern applications.

Hybrid threshold adaptable quantum secret sharing scheme with reverse Huffman-Fibonacci-tree coding

Genome sequencing of Streptomyces, myxobacteria, and fungi showed that although each strain contains genes that encode the enzymes to synthesize a plethora of potential secondary metabolites, only a fraction are expressed during fermentation. Interest has therefore grown in the activation of these cryptic pathways. We review current progress on this topic, describing concepts for activating silent genes, utilization of “natural” mutant-type RNA polymerases and rare earth elements, and the applicability of ribosome engineering to myxobacteria and fungi, the microbial groups known as excellent searching sources, as well as actinomycetes, for secondary metabolites.

New strategies for drug discovery: Activation of silent or weakly expressed microbial gene clusters

Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes, having significant physiological roles in both synthesis and degradation. The use of microbial proteases in food fermentation is an age-old process, which is today being successfully employed in other industries with the advent of 'omics' era and innovations in genetic and protein engineering approaches. Proteases have found application in industries besides food, like leather, textiles, detergent, waste management, agriculture, animal husbandry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. With the rising demands and applications, researchers are exploring various approaches to discover, redesign, or artificially synthesize enzymes with better applicability in the industrial processes. These enzymes offer a sustainable and environmentally safer option, besides possessing economic and commercial value. Various bacterial and fungal proteases are already holding a commercially pivotal role in the industry. The current review summarizes the characteristics and types of proteases, microbial source, their current and prospective applications in various industries, and future challenges. Promoting these biocatalysts will prove significant in betterment of the modern world.

/pdf/microbial-proteases-ubiquitous-enzymes-with-innumerable-uses-312ctmnskz.pdf

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/209359/8/1873-3468.14226.pdf

Two years into COVID-19 - Lessons in SARS-CoV-2 and a perspective from papers in FEBS Letters.

Plasmids ptMTA contain metallothionein gene of rainbow trout as template, synthetic 32 oligonucleotides as primer, a fragment which contain 433 base pairs was amplified by PCR and was cloned into vector pBL CAT, The result of sequence analysis and restriction map shows metaothionein pomoter of rainbow trout contains 433 base pairs, TATA and CAAT sequence. Compared with Hong's metallothionein promoter of rainbow trout, homology of nucleotide of metallothinein promoter for rainbow trout is 100%

Amplification, cloning and sequence of metallothionein promoter for rainbow trout by PCR

Pseudouridines in RNAs: switching atoms means shifting paradigms.

Enzymes are biocatalysts which have a central role in the biochemical, physiological, and metabolic functioning of all the organisms from micro to macro level These catalytic proteins or metalloproteins have wonderful applications in a number of processes for conversion of substrates to useful products and are used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic, food and beverage, and other industries Different sources of these enzymes have been explored for commercial production The reservoir of microbial world has not been investigated to a greater extent The microorganisms have proved as an effective source of these industrially important enzymes The reason for exploring enzymes from microorganisms is their stability at different physiological conditions like high and low temperature, pH, salinity, and others like high catalytic activity and ease of standardization and production In recent times, the enhancement of production of these microbial enzymes can be achieved using different genetic modulatory methodologies, physiological parameter redesigning, and protein bioengineering These techniques are the focus of researchers for industrial-friendly hyperproduction of microbial enzymes for generating various formulations

Innovative Techniques for Improving Microbial Enzyme Production

Antibiotic resistance is a global health challenge in the modern era. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains poses a serious threat to human health across the globe and compromises the arsenal of antibiotics upon which the modern healthcare system heavily relies. Antibiotic resistance diminishes the choice for effective antimicrobial agents and forces researchers to look for effective alternative agents. Bacteriophages have been established as potent antibacterial agents against most of the bacterial pathogens since the pre-antibiotic era. Additionally, the discovery and exploration of endolysins, i.e. phage coded peptidoglycan hydrolases, have further revolutionized the field of phage-based therapy. Bacteriophage and endolysin have demonstrated to be effective for clearing the infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of information on the clinical potential of bacteriophage and endolysin. The present chapter will highlight the features of bacteriophage and endolysin that make them attractive and effective long-term therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of drug-resistant infections in clinical settings.

Clinical Potential of Bacteriophage and Endolysin Based Therapeutics: A Futuristic Approach

Viruses are acellular obligately parasitic entities known to infect almost all forms of living organisms, including human beings, animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, archaea, etc. Although there are many applications of viruses, they are generally considered to be harmful to mankind. This is mainly due to the fact that viruses are associated with a plethora of human diseases such as AIDS, dengue, rabies, influenza, chicken pox, polio, etc. Also, viruses tend to affect the agricultural sector by serving as plant pathogens (tobacco mosaic virus, cauliflower mosaic virus, etc.) and animal pathogens (blue tongue virus, foot and mouth disease). So far, the viruses are mainly being controlled by various antiviral therapeutic agents. However, the problem of developing viral resistance against these drugs is posing a new threat. So, there is an urgent need to look for alternatives to control viral diseases. Fungi can act as a potential source of such antiviral compounds. This chapter explores the various fungal metabolites that can act as antiviral agents.

Fungal metabolites—A potential source of antiviral compounds

The developments in biotechnology, genomics, proteomics, immunology, and metabolic engineering have provided with unprecedented applications of microbes to improve human health Disease therapies are experimenting with new regimes to alleviate the problems of diseases Bioengineered microbes present with ample opportunities to uniquely address the problem of ailments by increasing the length and breadth of the available options to tackle diseases Microbial immunomodulation of the host, targeted killing of the tumor cells using microbes, and specific delivery of drugs into the host tissues are some of the examples of application of bioengineered microbes Although history of the concept of possibility of using the microbes for tweaking the disease progression and therefore promoting human health is an old one, with recent research studies, the field has received a much needed impetus In the future, the need is to establish more in vivo evidences for wide acceptance of therapies using bioengineered microbes as well as to demonstrate the extent of the possible horizontal transfer of such bioengineered genes in order to undertake its practical applications

Rahul Mehta

Papers

Pseudouridines in RNAs: switching atoms means shifting paradigms.

Innovative Techniques for Improving Microbial Enzyme Production

Clinical Potential of Bacteriophage and Endolysin Based Therapeutics: A Futuristic Approach

Fungal metabolites—A potential source of antiviral compounds

Bioengineered Microbes in Disease Therapy