scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Author

Rainer Fischer

Bio: Rainer Fischer is an academic researcher from RWTH Aachen University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Fusion protein & Antibody. The author has an hindex of 72, co-authored 400 publications receiving 19108 citations. Previous affiliations of Rainer Fischer include Indiana Biosciences Research Institute & Dow AgroSciences.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system is described, a recently developed tool for the introduction of site-specific double-stranded DNA breaks and the strengths and weaknesses are highlighted.

948 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Plants provide an inexpensive and convenient system for the large-scale production of valuable recombinant proteins and will only realize its huge potential if constraints are removed through rigorous and detailed science-based studies.

650 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first plant-derived recombinant pharmaceutical proteins are reaching the final stages of clinical evaluation, and many more are in the development pipeline, as shown by the continuing commercial development of novel plant-based expression platforms.

613 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although no recombinant proteins have yet been produced commercially using plant cell cultures, there have been many proof-of-principle studies and several companies are investigating the commercial feasibility of such production systems.
Abstract: The use of whole plants for the synthesis of recombinant proteins has received a great deal of attention recently because of advantages in economy, scalability and safety compared with traditional microbial and mammalian production systems. However, production systems that use whole plants lack several of the intrinsic benefits of cultured cells, including the precise control over growth conditions, batch-to-batch product consistency, a high level of containment and the ability to produce recombinant proteins in compliance with good manufacturing practice. Plant cell cultures combine the merits of whole-plant systems with those of microbial and animal cell cultures, and already have an established track record for the production of valuable therapeutic secondary metabolites. Although no recombinant proteins have yet been produced commercially using plant cell cultures, there have been many proof-of-principle studies and several companies are investigating the commercial feasibility of such production systems.

557 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Structures suggest that the Ve genes encode a class of cell-surface glycoproteins with receptor-mediated endocytosis-like signals and leucine zipper or PEST sequences.
Abstract: In tomato, Ve is implicated in race-specific resistance to infection by Verticillium species causing crop disease. Characterization of the Ve locus involved positional cloning and isolation of two closely linked inverted genes. Expression of individual Ve genes in susceptible potato plants conferred resistance to an aggressive race 1 isolate of Verticillium albo-atrum. The deduced primary structure of Ve1 and Ve2 included a hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide, leucine-rich repeats containing 28 or 35 potential glycosylation sites, a hydrophobic membrane-spanning domain, and a C-terminal domain with the mammalian E/DXXXLphi or YXXphi endocytosis signals (phi is an amino acid with a hydrophobic side chain). A leucine zipper-like sequence occurs in the hydrophobic N-terminal signal peptide of Ve1 and a Pro-Glu-Ser-Thr (PEST)-like sequence resides in the C-terminal domain of Ve2. These structures suggest that the Ve genes encode a class of cell-surface glycoproteins with receptor-mediated endocytosis-like signals and leucine zipper or PEST sequences.

463 citations


Cited by
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

[...]

08 Dec 2001-BMJ
TL;DR: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one, which seems an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.
Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

33,785 citations

28 Jul 2005
TL;DR: PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、树突状组胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作�ly.
Abstract: 抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1(PfPMP1)与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用,在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员,通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

18,940 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for "experimenters") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment.
Abstract: THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

13,333 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The number of circulating tumor cells before treatment is an independent predictor of progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Abstract: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is considered incurable; therefore, palliative treatment is the only option. The biologic heterogeneity of the disease is reflected in its somewhat unpredictable clinical behavior. The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with MBC about to start a new line of treatment has been shown to predict progression-free and overall survival. This prognostic value is independent of the line of therapy (eg, first or second line). Moreover, a multivariate analysis has shown the prognostic value of CTCs to be superior to that of site of metastasis, type of therapy, and length of time to recurrence after definitive primary surgery. These data suggest that the presence of CTCs may be used to modify the staging system for advanced disease. Larger studies are needed to confirm these data and evaluate the use of CTC detection in monitoring treatment and furthering our understanding of breast cancer biology when combined with other diagnostic technologies.

4,244 citations