计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

Economic growth, human capital and structural change: A dynamic panel data analysis

Market pressure for low prices paired with customer demand for high product variety presents a considerable dilemma for many manufacturers. Industry practice and research to date suggest that approaches based on component commonality can substantially lower the costs of proliferated product lines, but at the cost of reducing product differentiation and revenues. We analyze a stylized model of a manufacturer who designs a product line consisting of two products for sale to two market segments with different valuations of quality. The manufacturer determines the component quality levels, the amount of effort to reduce production costs, and whether to use common or different components for the two products.

Explicitly considering potential interdependencies between cost-reduction effort and quality decisions, we characterize environments where the optimal product line involving component commonality features products of higher quality and yields higher revenues. Counter to earlier research we show that it can be preferable to make those components common that, relative to their production cost, are attributed a higher importance by customers. Disregarding the interactions between commonality, production cost, quality, and effort decisions can lead manufacturers to offer product lines with excessive differentiation and inefficiently low quality.

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Product Line Design with Component Commonality and Cost-Reduction Effort

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/42084.pdf

Globalization and income inequality: A panel data econometric approach for the EU27 countries

We estimate the effects of hospital competition on the level of and the variation in quality of care and hospital expenditures for elderly Medicare beneficiaries with heart attack. We compare competition's effects on more-severely ill patients, whom we assume value quality more highly, to the effects on less-severely ill, low-valuation patients. We find that low-valuation patients in competitive markets receive less intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, but have statistically similar health outcomes. In contrast, high-valuation patients in competitive markets receive more intensive treatment than in uncompetitive markets, and have significantly better health outcomes. Because this competition-induced increase in variation in expenditures is, on net, expenditure-decreasing and outcome-beneficial, we conclude that it is welfare-enhancing. These findings are inconsistent with conventional models of vertical differentiation, although they can be accommodated by more recent models.

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The Effects of Competition on Variation in the Quality and Cost of Medical Care

We investigate the export-growth relationship at disaggregate levels – disaggregation both at the country level and at the level of exports – focusing on the diversification and the composition of exports of countries. In a sample of 65 countries for the period 1965–2005 the dynamic panel estimation reveals that both diversification and composition of exports are important determinants of economic growth after controlling for the impacts of other variables like lagged income, investment, and infrastructure. There is a critical level of export concentration beyond which increasing export specialization leads to higher growth. Below this critical level, diversification of exports matters for gross domestic product (GDP) growth. Growth of high technology exports also contributes tothe output growth; the relationship becomes stronger for countries that have share of manufacturing exports in their total exports greater than the world average. These results are robust even when the dataset isclassified in four ...

Export diversification, composition, and economic growth: Evidence from cross-country analysis

Monopoly and product quality

Introduction 1. International Trade and Development Paradigms 2. Problems of Trade in Primary Commodities 3. Trade, Factors of Production and Growth 4. Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Firms 5. International Labour Mobility and Welfare 6. Information, Labour Migration, and Occupation 7. Trade, Foreign Aid, and Welfare 8. Trade, Poverty, and Readjustments 9. Regional Trading Arrangements as Development Strategy 10. TRIPS, Product Standards and the Developing Economies 11. International Outsourcing, Off-shoring and Industrialization Strategies 12. Contagion of Crisis and Concluding Remarks

International Trade and Economic Development

A rising wage‐gap, almost universally, in the last two decades has contradicted the age‐old conventional wisdom of asymmetric wage movements across nations when trade is liberalized. We offer an explanation that fits well with the emerging trade pattern between the developed and more advanced developing countries like India and Mexico. We argue that a tariff reduction in the South on imports of an intermediate good from the North may raise the wage‐gap in both the North and the South. The price of the intermediate good moving in different directions and different factor‐intensity‐ranking of this good relative to the two different final goods produced in the two countries underlie this result. Rising wage inequality may specially affect the South because educational expenses and infrastructure do not allow ready transformation of the vast masses of unskilled workers into skilled workers. Hence, the policy lesson of the paper seems to be more public effort in arranging for smoother acquisition of h...

Trade Liberalization, Skill‐linked Intermediate Production and the Two‐sided Wage Gap

This paper examines the complementarity between process and product innovation where process innovation reduces the marginal cost of quality. In the context of a vertically differentiated monopolistic market with discrete consumer types, we investigate how the nature of (fixed versus variable) innovation costs and the distribution of consumers over different types affect the complementarity between process and product innovation. We show that under variable innovation costs a process innovation is more likely to occur alone than both innovations together when taste diversity (or consumer heterogeneity) is not significant and/or when there are more low-type than high-type consumers.

Rajat Acharyya

Papers

Export diversification, composition, and economic growth: Evidence from cross-country analysis

Monopoly and product quality

International Trade and Economic Development

Trade Liberalization, Skill‐linked Intermediate Production and the Two‐sided Wage Gap

Process and Product Innovation: Complementarity in a Vertically Differentiated Monopoly with Discrete Consumer Types