Rajesh Kumar

Bio: Rajesh Kumar is an academic researcher from Himachal Pradesh University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Medicine & Materials science. The author has an hindex of 149, co-authored 4439 publications receiving 140830 citations. Previous affiliations of Rajesh Kumar include Guru Nanak Dev University & Intuitive Surgical.

Epidemiology of falls among older adults: a cross sectional study from Chandigarh, India

Abstract: Background Fall is an important cause of injury morbidity in older adults. However, epidemiological information on fall is limited in low- and middle-income countries. We investigated the extent, pattern, characteristics, and context of falls in Chandigarh. Methods A cross sectional survey was carried out among 300 persons (≥60 years), sampled from urban, rural and slums areas of Chandigarh, India from March 2011 to October 2012 using multistage cluster sampling. A pre-tested interview schedule was used and relevant medical examinations were conducted. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to estimate Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results In the past one year, 31% (92/300) respondents reported one or more falls. On an average 0.67 fall episodes occurred/person/year (202/300). Most (68%; 63/92) falls occurred at home; 75% (47/63) occurred while carrying out activities such as toileting, bathing, sleeping and eating etc. Injuries due to falls were reported by 67% (62/92). In these cases, lower extremities, 37% (23/62) were the most common site of injury. Eight percent (5/62) reported fractures. A general physician was consulted by 44% (27/62), and 11% (7/62) utilized emergency services whilst another 11% (7/62) of fall injuries required hospital admission. Risk of fall was higher among females (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.0–2.8, p 0.068), those taking four or more medicines (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.2–3.5, p 0.009) and having poor body balance (OR 1.9, 95%CI 1.0–3.4, p 0.037). Conclusion Fall injuries were common in older adults of Chandigarh. Large cohort studies are needed to identify risk factors particularly those related to home environment.

Conducting polymers-based photocatalysis for treatment of organic contaminants in water

Abstract: Aqueous organic contaminants, including dyes, disinfection by-products (DBPs), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and other emerging contaminants, have been under research lens due to their potential ecotoxicological and adverse health impacts. Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has been considered as one of the most promising approaches to treat organic contaminants in water. Recently, conducting polymers (CPs) and their nanocomposites (CPNs) have attracted much attention due to their tunable electrochemical properties, low costs, and efficacy. The nanocomposites of conducting polymers, with metals and metal oxides, have shown excellent photocatalytic efficiencies for removing organic contaminants, including dyes and PPCPs. This paper presents a critical review of the recent advances in the photocatalysis of aqueous organic contaminants using CPs and CPNs. We have discussed different strategies to prepare CPs and CPNs, characterization of CPs, and factors affecting CP-based photocatalysis. This review also highlights the potential and the promise offered by CPs for the next generation water treatment by discussing unsolved questions, technical challenges, and future directions for CP-based photocatalysis. Although our review highlights CPs as one of the most promising photocatalytic materials to degrade trace organics, most of the CP-based photocatalysis studies to date have been conducted in a batch-scale mode and with dye as a model contaminant. There is a need for more CP-based photocatalytic research, involving real-world water matrices, UV treatment, stability and reusability of catalysts, continuous flow reactor design, cost-benefit analysis, and pilot-scale testing before CPs could find their application in the real-world treatment systems.

PET/CT imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with (68)Gallium-labeled somatostatin analogues: An overview and single institutional experience from India.

Abstract: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms characterized by overexpression of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Functional imaging plays a crucial role in management of NETs. Recently, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 68Gallium (68Ga)-labeled somatostatin analogues has shown excellent results for imaging of NETs and better results than conventional SSTR scintigraphy. In this review we have discussed the utility of 68 Ga-labeled somatostatin analogue PET/CT in NETs for various established and potential indications. In addition we have also shared our own experience from a tertiary care center in India.

I and i

Abstract: There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality. Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

Fast parallel algorithms for short-range molecular dynamics

Abstract: Three parallel algorithms for classical molecular dynamics are presented. The first assigns each processor a fixed subset of atoms; the second assigns each a fixed subset of inter-atomic forces to compute; the third assigns each a fixed spatial region. The algorithms are suitable for molecular dynamics models which can be difficult to parallelize efficiently—those with short-range forces where the neighbors of each atom change rapidly. They can be implemented on any distributed-memory parallel machine which allows for message-passing of data between independently executing processors. The algorithms are tested on a standard Lennard-Jones benchmark problem for system sizes ranging from 500 to 100,000,000 atoms on several parallel supercomputers--the nCUBE 2, Intel iPSC/860 and Paragon, and Cray T3D. Comparing the results to the fastest reported vectorized Cray Y-MP and C90 algorithm shows that the current generation of parallel machines is competitive with conventional vector supercomputers even for small problems. For large problems, the spatial algorithm achieves parallel efficiencies of 90% and a 1840-node Intel Paragon performs up to 165 faster than a single Cray C9O processor. Trade-offs between the three algorithms and guidelines for adapting them to more complex molecular dynamics simulations are also discussed.

Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary.

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major public health problem. It is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the United States, and is projected to rank fifth in 2020 in burden of disease worldwide, according to a study published by the World Bank/World Health Organization. Yet, COPD remains relatively unknown or ignored by the public as well as public health and government officials. In 1998, in an effort to bring more attention to COPD, its management, and its prevention, a committed group of scientists encouraged the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the World Health Organization to form the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Among the important objectives of GOLD are to increase awareness of COPD and to help the millions of people who suffer from this disease and die prematurely of it or its complications. The first step in the GOLD program was to prepare a consensus report, Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, published in 2001. The present, newly revised document follows the same format as the original consensus report, but has been updated to reflect the many publications on COPD that have appeared. GOLD national leaders, a network of international experts, have initiated investigations of the causes and prevalence of COPD in their countries, and developed innovative approaches for the dissemination and implementation of COPD management guidelines. We appreciate the enormous amount of work the GOLD national leaders have done on behalf of their patients with COPD. Despite the achievements in the 5 years since the GOLD report was originally published, considerable additional work is ahead of us if we are to control this major public health problem. The GOLD initiative will continue to bring COPD to the attention of governments, public health officials, health care workers, and the general public, but a concerted effort by all involved in health care will be necessary.

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