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Rajeshwar Singh

Bio: Rajeshwar Singh is an academic researcher from Banaras Hindu University. The author has contributed to research in topics: Glow discharge & Electrolysis. The author has an hindex of 6, co-authored 7 publications receiving 270 citations. Previous affiliations of Rajeshwar Singh include Osmania University & GlaxoSmithKline.

Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a critical analysis of the chemical results of anodic CGDE at varying voltages, currents, power supplies, and pHs clearly shows that nonfaradaic yields originate in two separate reaction zones: the plasma around the anode and the liquid anolyte near the plasma-anolyte interface.
Abstract: Chemical effects of contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) at an electrode where a plasma is sustained by dc glow discharges between the electrode and the surrounding electrolyte, are remarkably nonfaradaic. A critical analysis of the chemical results of anodic CGDE at varying voltages, currents, power supplies, and pHs clearly shows that nonfaradaic yields originate in two separate reaction zones: the plasma around the anode and the liquid anolyte near the plasma-anolyte interface. The yields from the former zone appear from 250 V onward (the beginning of the onset of partial glow discharge) and vary linearly with the power dissipated in the glow discharge. The yields from the latter zone appear from 410 V onward (the beginning of the full glow discharge) and are independent of the power dissipated in the glow discharge. The relative contribution of the two zones to the total nonfaradaic yields is dependent on the voltage applied: the plasma zone having a share of 100% up to 400 V, followed by 20% up to 450 V, and thereafter rising steadily to 57% at 500 V.

120 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it has been concluded that solvent vaporization near an electrode by Joule heating during electrolysis and the onset of hydrodynamic instabilities in local solvent vaporisation are the prime causes for the breakdown of normal electrolysis.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: GSK458 plus trametinib is poorly tolerated, due to skin and GI-related toxicities, which may be due to overlapping toxicities precluding sufficient dose exposure.
Abstract: Introduction This Phase Ib trial investigated the safety, tolerability, and recommended phase 2 dose for the pan-PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, GSK2126458 (GSK458), and trametinib combination when administered to patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients and Methods Patients with advanced solid tumors received escalating doses of GSK458 (once or twice daily, and continuous or intermittent) and trametinib following a zone-based 3 + 3 design to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Assessments included monitoring for adverse events and response, and evaluating pharmacokinetic (PK) measures. Archival tissue and circulating free DNA samples were collected to assess biomarkers of response in the PI3K and RAS pathways. Results 57 patients were enrolled onto the continuous dosing cohort and 12 patients onto an intermittent BID dosing cohort. Two MTDs were established for the continuous daily dosing: 2 mg of GSK458 with 1.0 mg of trametinib or 1.0 mg of GSK458 with 1.5 mg of trametinib; no MTD was determined in the intermittent dosing cohort. The most frequent adverse events were rash (74 %) and diarrhea (61 %). Dose interruptions due to adverse events occurred in 42 % of patients. No significant PK interaction was observed. One patient achieved partial response and 12 patients had stable disease >16 weeks. Mutations in RAS/RAF/PI3K were detected in 70 % of patients, but no pattern emerged between response and mutational status. Conclusion GSK458 plus trametinib is poorly tolerated, due to skin and GI-related toxicities. Responses were minimal, despite enrichment for PI3K/RAS pathway driven tumors, which may be due to overlapping toxicities precluding sufficient dose exposure.

61 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
09 Nov 1999
TL;DR: The magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibit ferroelectric/ferrielectric/antiferroelectric properties in combination with ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic/orantiferromagnetic properties as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The magnetoelectric (ME) materials exhibit ferroelectric/ferrielectric/antiferroelectric properties in combination with ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic/antiferromagnetic properties. Under the action of external magnetic field, such materials would show electric polarizations, while the external electric field would induce magnetization. In most of the known ME materials measurable output was recorded at very low temperatures. However, for practical applications it is desirable to synthesize new ME materials which undergo dielectric and magnetic transitions above room temperature and exhibit enhanced ME output.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

17 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a kinetic analysis of the competing reactions of O− with different species in the system leads to an yield of 9.8 m −mol −electron−1 of OH· and H· radicals each in the liquid phase reaction zone of anodic CGDE in good agreement with the yield reported from a study involving H· radical scavengers.
Abstract: Non faradaic yields of anodic contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) originate through H· and OH· radical generated during the process. Scavenging effects of Fe(CN) 6 4− on OH· radicals, in alkaline media have been investigated. A kinetic analysis of the competing reactions of O− with different species in the system leads to an yield of 9.8 mol mol electron−1 of OH· and H· radicals each in the liquid phase reaction zone of anodic CGDE in good agreement with the yield reported from a study involving H· radical scavengers.

12 citations


Cited by
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The application of strong electric fields in water and organic liquids has been studied for several years, because of its importance in electrical transmission processes and its practical applications in biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The application of strong electric fields in water and organic liquids has been studied for several years, because of its importance in electrical transmission processes and its practical applications in biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry. More recently, liquid-phase electrical discharge reactors have been investigated, and are being developed, for many environmental applications, including drinking water and wastewater treatment, as well as, potentially, for environmentally benign chemical processes. This paper reviews the current status of research on the application of high-voltage electrical discharges for promoting chemical reactions in the aqueous phase, with particular emphasis on applications to water cleaning.

1,058 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the principles of electrical plasma with liquids for pollutant removal and the reactors of various electrical discharge types are outlined in this review, and detailed discussions are given of the effects of various factors on the performance of pulsed electrical plasma technology in water treatment processes.

723 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the past, present and future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to fabricate advanced materials has been given with appropriate examples in this article, where some recent developments in multi-energy processing of materials are discussed.
Abstract: The hydrothermal technique provides an excellent possibility for processing of advanced materials whether it is bulk single crystals, or fine particles, or nanoparticles. The advantages of hydrothermal technology have been discussed in comparison with the conventional methods of materials processing. The current trends in hydrothermal materials processing has been described in relation to the concept of soft solution processing, as a single-step low energy consuming fabrication technique. Also some recent developments in multi-energy processing of materials such as microwave-hydrothermal, mechanochemical-hydrothermal, electrochemical-hydrothermal, sonar-hydrothermal, etc. have been discussed. An overview of the past, present and future perspective of hydrothermal technology as a tool to fabricate advanced materials has been given with appropriate examples.

490 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Recent advances in exploring mTOR signaling and the development of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy are updated and the mechanisms underlying the resistance to mTOR inhibitor in cancer cells are discussed.
Abstract: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). In cooperation with raptor, rictor, LST8, and mSin1, key components in mTORC1 or mTORC2, mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of multiple targets such as ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), thereby regulating protein synthesis, nutrients metabolism, growth factor signaling, cell growth, and migration. Activation of mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Many mTOR inhibitors have been developed to treat cancer. While some of the mTOR inhibitors have been approved to treat human cancer, more mTOR inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we update recent advances in exploring mTOR signaling and the development of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the resistance to mTOR inhibitors in cancer cells.

467 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Electrolytic Plasma Technology (EPT) is an effective surface engineering tool that combines cleaning and coating of metals as mentioned in this paper, which produces plasma at the surface of the work piece.
Abstract: This paper overviews our present understanding of the fundamentals behind Electrolytic Plasma Technology (EPT) in view of the experimental results and theoretical predictions. EPT is an effective surface engineering tool that combines cleaning and coating of metals. During EPT processing, DC voltage is applied to the electrodes in the aqueous electrolyte, which produces plasma at the surface of the work piece. Thermal, chemical, electrical and mechanical effects imparted by EPT to the work piece create unique surface characteristics. The mechanism and metallurgical aspects of the effects are discussed in detail. EPT is under development for industrial applications in specific processes and is being explored for other potential commercial applications. Both of the aspects are presented. The experimental and industrial tests to date demonstrate that EPT is an emerging surface engineering technique with economical commercial applications in the field of surface engineering.

352 citations